Strategies and Policies for Internationalization of Higher Education in Indonesia

Abstract

Internationalization of higher education has become a strategic priority in improving and enhacing the global Indonesian higher education institutions. This study aims to analyze internationalization strategies and policies implemented in Indonesian higher education institutions and identify the main challenges faced. A literature review was employed by examining national policies, internationalization models, and best practices from several universities across Indonesia. The findings indicate that the key internationalization strategies include academic mobility, international collaboration, digital technology utilization, and the implementation of Good University Governance (GUG). Leadership, particularly transformational leadership, plays a crucial role in driving effective internationalization policies. However, challenges such as limited funding, regulatory discrepancies, and the preparedness of human resources remain significant barriers. Therefore, more flexible policies and stronger support from both the government and higher education institutions are essential to strengthen and sustain internationalization efforts.