Subjectivity Tracking System for Poor Scholarship Recipients at Elementary School Using the MOORA Method

Article


A. INTRODUCTION
PSA is an aid intended for underprivileged families so that their children can participate in learning activities at school without thinking about the existing costs (Akbar & 'Uyun, 2021). This assistance provides opportunities for students to attend higher education levels. The purpose of giving PSA is an activity from the government for students from underprivileged families to be able to follow the minimum compulsory education up to high school level equivalent (Assrani et al., 2018). Thus preventing the chain of dropping out of school and so that the students concerned can follow developments that occur so that there are no cases of fraud or specific individuals because all family members try to keep their children open to literacy, one of which is by participating in this government program.
A set of supporters in a similar study was taken as material. First, according (Akbar & 'Uyun, 2021) conducted research on social protection schools in one of Bengkulu using the Tsukamoto FIS method with the data criteria used were parents, protection cards, dependents, average report scores, achievements, and home ownership. This study resulted in an accuracy of 76% after being compared with the actual data. Second, according (Siregar et al., 2021) conducted research on determining the recipients of outstanding scholarships using the Entropy TOPSIS method with the criteria used, namely knowledge value, skill value, achievement, organization, extracurricular, absenteeism, parental income, dependents, and scholarship status. This study provides recommendations in the form of ranking of merit scholarship recipients based on the value of each student's preference. Students who have high preference scores are prioritized as merit scholarship recipients. Although this system is successful in providing recommendations for students who receive merit scholarships, the final decision remains in the hands of the decision makers at the school. Third, according (Handayani et al., 2020) conducted research on the determination of scholarship selection at high schools in Jakarta with the method used was Profile Matching, which consisted of KKM criteria, presence, behaviour, discipline, and neatness. The results of the study are in the form of a scholarship selection system application that can be used as a decision-making tool while still being based on a decision support system using the Profile Matching Method. Based on the references mentioned, there are no studies that try to find solutions that arise from concerns from parents regarding the determination of PSA, but previous research has focused on making an application system that is useful to assist in making decisions. In addition, the criteria presented are different and this study also analyse the extent to which the element of subjectivity occurs in Elementary School XY.
Elementary School XY is a school institution that is routinely vulnerable every year to carry out activities to select the selection of PSA recipients. The selection process is carried out so that PSA recipients are less capable students. The fact is that there are students who should be able to but cannot because the selection committee has cheated by selecting several students who have kinship or the term is subjective. This information is evidenced by complaints from several guardians of students who question their children who do not receive PSA, even though all of the requirements meet the recipients' qualifications.
It is necessary to explore in-depth, and there is a need for a system that makes recommendations objectively so that things that are detrimental to students do not happen again. One appropriate method to implement the above case is to use the MOORA method (Sinaga et al., 2021). The reason for choosing this method is that it is simple, stable, and easy to understand, for people who are not from exact sciences can apply it (Manurung et al., 2021). In addition, MOORA has more accurate and targeted results in making decisions when compared to other methods (Brauers, 2018). This method is believed to be able to solve complex mathematical problems and has a level of flexibility and ease of understanding (Tundo & Kurniawan, 2019). This method can perform a good level of selectivity because it can recognize the purpose of the opposite criteria. The criteria consist of benefits and costs (Zaitun et al., 2019). The advantages of the MOORA method are that it is stronger, simpler, and relatively stable, and even this method does not require an expert in mathematics (Gurbuz & Erdinc, 2018). The purpose of this research is very clear, namely to help parents complain about their children to be treated fairly, especially in determining PSA so that the assessment is purely objective, there is no element of subjectivity, so that no party is harmed.

B. METHODS
The main methods used in this research include collecting data, discussing with experts related to BSM at Elementary School XY, implementing it, and comparing the results of the system made with the previous one. In detail, the research process is shown in Figure 1.

Data
The data was obtained from student data from grade 1 to grade 6 at Elementary School XY as many as 139 students. Data was obtained on October 10, 2020. In detail, student data is shown in Table 1.

Expert
Experts here play a role in determining the general criteria in determining PSA, as well as assisting in determining the set of each criterion and the weight of its value, by leading to agency problems with the results of discussions with the school, especially those in charge of PSA. It was agreed that the criteria used consisted of average report cards, achievements, activity, parental income, dependents, and home conditions.

Implementation
According to (Pane & Erwansyah, 2020), MOORA is a multi-objective system that maximizes two or more contradictory attributes and is processed simultaneously. The following are the stages of implementing the system built using the MOORA method in determining PSA at Elementary School XY.
a. Criteria Criteria are aspects used in determining PSA which can be seen in Table 2.

Comparative Result Analysis
Implementation Expert Data The determination in determining the weight value is carried out by mutual agreement between the expert and the Elementary School about the criteria according to the object of research, because this research is related to PSA, the priority criteria are the condition of the house, dependents, and parents' income so that the weight of the three criteria is greater than that another, where the sum of the total weight conditions is 100 (Trung et al., 2021).

b. The set
The set of question is a derivative aspect of each criterion used in determining PSA, in which the division in determining the set is determined by mutual agreement between the expert and the Elementary School which is explained as follows.
1) The set of criteria for the average report card The set of criteria for the average report card is divided into 4 parts, where the data for the set of criteria for the average report card can be seen in Table 3. Less than 49 2 2) The set of achievement criteria The set of achievement criteria is divided into 3 parts, which consist of Many, Enough, and Less. Many: It says a lot on achievement criteria when students get more than 3 awards internationally or 2 international and 3 national or 1 international, 3 national, and 2 provincial or 5 national, 2 provinces, and 2 districts. Enough: It is said to be sufficient on the achievement criteria when students get 2 awards internationally or 1 international and 2 national or 0 international, 3 national, and 1 province or 2 national, 1 province and 2 districts. Less: It is said to be lacking in the achievement criteria when students get less from the set of many and enough. The data set of achievement criteria can be seen in Table 4. Less 3 3) The set of activeness criteria The set of activeness criteria is divided into 2 parts consisting Active and Enough. Active: It is said to be active on the activeness criteria when students get a total score of 90-100. Enough: It is said to be sufficient on the activeness criteria when students get a total score of 75 -89. The data for the set of active criteria can be seen in Table 5. 4) The set of parental income criteria The set of parental income criteria is divided into 5 parts, where the data on the set of parental income criteria can be seen in Table 6. 5) The set of dependent criteria The set of dependent criteria is divided into 4 parts, where the dependent criteria set data can be seen in Table 7. 6) The set of house conditions The set of house conditions is divided into 2 parts, which consist of Feasible and Less.
Less: It is said to be inadequate according to the criteria for housing conditions according to the Ministry of Health, namely, building materials far from the standards of the Ministry of Health, components and implementation in the spatial arrangement of the house are far from ideal standards, natural lighting is not able to illuminate the entire room and the intensity is below 60 lux, air quality is far from adequate. healthy house standards, the ventilation size of the house is far from ideal guidelines, there are disease-transmitting animals in the house, clean water resources are not met, there are no means for safe food storage, household waste cannot be managed properly due to lack of land, and the bedroom is too crowded, only measuring 4x2 m (Prasad & Sekar, 2016). Feasible: It is said that it is feasible on the criteria for the condition of the house, which means that it contains a value that is opposite to less feasible. The data set of house condition criteria can be seen in Table 8.

c. Alternative
The alternative is student data used in the calculation process, alternative data contains NIS, Class, Address, and Name of Parents. Alternative tables can be seen in Table  9.

d. Weighting
The weighting in this case is a process of student data obtained from the school, then converted into grades (Fedajev et al., 2020). The data that will be weighted is student data from each criterion (Sugiyarto et al., 2021), where all the data will be converted into the form of values [1][2][3][4][5], based on the data set described above.

e. Normalization
Normalization has the aim of combining each element of the matrix so that the elements in the matrix have the same value (Gou et al., 2017). The normalization process can be expressed as: (1)

f. Ranking
Ranking in the MOORA method is conducted by an optimization process, using the equation (Hafezalkotob et al., 2019): (2)

g. Recommendation result
The results of the recommendation for BSM recipients are calculated using the MOORA method, which ranks third in the largest from each class, then the right student is selected to receive BSM.

Comparative Result Analysis
Analysis of the comparison results was carried out to find the accuracy of subjectivity and objectivity based on the results of the MOORA method which was then compared based on the results of Elementary School (Tundo & Sela, 2018). (3)

C. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 1. MOORA Method Calculation
After all alternative data has been collected, the next step is the calculation of the MOORA method.

a. Matrix formation
The formation of a matrix between alternative data and criteria data, which produces initial data, can be seen in Table 10.

d. Ranking process
The final result is done by ranking, using equation (2)  Based on the above process, it produces 3 PSA recipients from each class as shown in Table 13.

Comparative Result Analysis
The results of the ranking data (Table 13) will be tested with previous results from Elementary School, to prove that there are non-objective elements in Elementary School XY. The following comparison results can be seen in Table 14 and Table 15.  Figure 2, it was found that the subjectivity value that occurred at Elementary School XY was 14.39%, where this result was then analysed with the school, especially the PSA committee, they said that the accuracy produced was correct, because some students were accepted without any selection. This usually happens when the student has a family relationship with a high-ranking official at Elementary School XY.

D. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
After testing and implementation using the MOORA method in determining PSA recipients, it was found that there were some non-objective results where the student's criteria and final results were lower than some of the other students. However, the Elementary School provided a recommendation to get PSA. To prevent this from happening again, the importance of this system is to assist in objective selection. The accuracy result explains that 14.39% of PSA recipients are subjective, and 85.61% are objective. So some students are disadvantaged by the element of subjectivity. Although it is not so significant, it has robbed the property of students who should receive PSA. Suggestions for further researchers can compare with other DSS methods to obtain knowledge of the extent to which other DSS methods determine PSA, as well as adding existing criteria so that the selection process is better and more objective.