Journal title Linguistics and ELT Journal Initials LELTJ Frequency 2 issues per year (June and Desember) DOI prefix 10.31764 by Print ISSN 2339-2940 Online ISSN 2614-8633 Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ilham, M.Pd OAI Adress http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/leltj/oai Publisher Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram Contact leltjummat@gmail.com +62 878-6569-4697 Publication June 2015 Status LELTJ is nationally accredited by directorate General of Higher Education at level 4 (SINTA 4) dated 15 Mey 2024 (Decree number 72/E/KPT/2024; effective until volume 15, No. 2, December 2027) Indexing by Sinta | Google Scholar | OneSearch | Portal Garuda | Neliti | Moraref | Crossref | Dimensions Focus and Scope Linguistics and ELT Journal covers some major topics: English as a second and foreign language English language teaching and learning English language teachers’ training and education Linguistics Applied linguistics English literature
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Gender in Power: Breaking Boundaries on Little Mix's "Power"
This study uses Sara Mills' feminist stylistics theoretical framework to analyze how Little Mix's song “Power” actively challenges traditional gender norms through language. The main goal is to examine how this song challenge gender stereotypes by portraying women as strong and in charge rather than just calling for equality or opposing oppression. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines song lyrics at three levels: words, phrases/sentences, and discourse in accordance with Sara Mills' theoretical framework (1995). The findings of this study prove that Little Mix's power song is full of lyrics that actively break traditional gender stereotypes, affirming that women can hold and have control, not as a concession from men, but as an inherent right. The language used in the song successfully challenges patriarchal roles, reinforcing the idea that power is not only limited to masculine men but is also accessible to women. The song is a true feminist anthem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Debora Anriyani Simamora, Candrika Galaska, Jessicca Maria, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Emoticons as Speech Act Amplifiers: An Analysis of Pragmatics in Online Communication
This study explores the pragmatic function of emoticons as amplifiers of speech acts in online communication, focusing on Instagram comment sections. Using a qualitative content analysis method with a pragmatic discourse approach, the research investigates how specific emoticons strengthen the illocutionary force of digital utterances. A total of 100 user comments containing emoticons were analyzed and categorized based on their communicative functions. The findings reveal that emoticons such as 🤣 and 💀 reinforce expressive acts like humor and exaggeration; 🔥 and ❤️ enhance assertive acts such as praise and approval; and 🙂 indicates subtle commitment in commissive speech acts. The study also highlights cultural shifts in meaning such as 💀 evolving into a symbol of humorous panic and emphasizes the importance of context in interpretation. These results confirm that emoticons serve not only as emotional indicators but also as strategic pragmatic tools that shape meaning, influence perception, and reduce misinterpretation in text-based digital communication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hafizh Nur Herdian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Mastering English Diphthongs: Phonological Challenges and Patterns Among Sikka Students in Yogyakarta
This study explores the pronunciation of English diphthongs by Sikka students in Yogyakarta, focusing on the phonological challenges and patterns that emerge. The researcher used descriptive qualitative by employing interviews and observations. The participants were ten Sikka students aged 19-34 with varying English learning backgrounds. The researcher asked students to read a text that had diphthongs and compared students' English diphthong pronunciation with the Oxford Dictionary (1995) and Longman Dictionary (2008). The findings show that despite the duration of English language exposure, the participants had difficulties pronouncing English diphthongs correctly. The text contained eight diphthongs, which were included in nineteen words. The data demonstrate that most participants incorrectly pronounced eleven words, which were included in six diphthongs, whilst simultaneously pronouncing eight words, which were included in eight diphthongs, correctly. Analysis indicates that the mispronunciations stem from factors such as the absence of similar diphthongs in the Sikka language, unfamiliarity with English phonology, limited practice, and a lack of focus on diphthongs during language learning. The research addresses a gap in current literature by exploring the impact of the Sikka language, a prevalent local language, on English pronunciation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edeltrudis Patrisia Soge, Simron Krinuartjati Hindom, Ouda Teda Ena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Unveiling the Meaning of the Film Uang Panaik Maha(R)L: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach
This study aims to describe how the media represents the social conditions of the Bugis-Makassar ethnic community in South Sulawesi in the film Uang Panaik. This research uses a qualitative method with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), employing the Social Cognitive Approach by Teun A. Van Dijk. Teun A. Van Dijk's discourse theory consists of three categories: text, social cognition, and social context. The content of the text focuses on the screenplay of the film. Social cognition discusses the outcomes of the events depicted in the film. Afterward, it refers to the social context by illustrating the values of the society. The results of the study show that the critical discourse analysis of the film Uang Panaik Maha(R)L in terms of the text category includes macrostructure, superstructure, and microstructure. The social cognition category includes the creation of characters, language, and story conflicts. The social context category includes the representation of social phenomena, moral messages, and religious messages in the film Uang Panaik Maha(R)L.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ita - Rosvita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Feminist Stylistics in Boston Strangler (2023): Women’s Struggle for Equality in Media Representation
This study aims to analyze the gender dynamics reflected in the film Boston Strangler (2023) using a qualitative by feminist stylistics approach. The research examines how the film's linguistic representation reflects the challenges and progress of women in investigative journalism. By employing linguistic and stylistic analysis, the study identifies language choices, sentence structures, and discourse patterns that either reinforce or challenge traditional gender constructs in the media. The findings reveal that at the lexical level, the film often depicts men as authoritative figures, while women are portrayed as emotional or excessive in asserting their professionalism. Sentence structures further emphasize gender inequalities, with female characters frequently having to justify their abilities in the workplace. On a broader discourse level, while the film highlights the structural barriers faced by women in male-dominated fields, it also showcases their resilience in challenging societal expectations. This study underscores the significance of language in shaping gender perceptions and provides deeper insights into the representation of women in the media. It also contributes to broader discussions on the portrayal of women on screen and the role of media in shaping social norms. Future research could explore similar linguistic patterns in other films within the same genre to observe the evolving portrayal of gender in cinema.
Copyright (c) 2025 Friska br Tambunan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Constructing Political Narratives and Seeking International Legitimacy: An Appraisal Analysis of Benjamin Netanyahu’s UN Speech
This study explores how Benjamin Netanyahu employs evaluative language in his political speeches at international forums, particularly in relation to the conflicts between Israel and Hamas and Hezbollah. Using critical discourse analysis and Martin and White’s (2005) Judgment theory, the study distinguishes between evaluations based on social esteem and social sanction. The data, drawn from transcripts of Netanyahu’s speeches at the United Nations, are analyzed to identify linguistic strategies that construct narratives of existential threat and legitimize Israel’s defensive actions. The findings reveal that Netanyahu consistently uses negative social evaluations to portray his opponents as brutal and immoral, while positioning Israel as a threatened nation acting in justified self-defense. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of how political language shapes public opinion and international perceptions in the context of conflict.
Copyright (c) 2025 cecillia jhovanca pramudita, Khristianto Tianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Representation of Unrequited Love: Barthes' Semiotics Study in the Selected Songs of The Secret of Us Album by Gracie Abrams
This research is important because it examines how unrequited love, a common emotional phenomenon experienced by many people, is represented in the lyrics of popular songs and can affect the emotional understanding of listeners. The purpose of this study is to analyze the representation of unrequited love in three selected songs from Gracie Abrams' The Secret of Us album using Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through documentation of song lyrics and analyzed using Barthes' semiotic approach, which are denotation, connotation and myth. The results are based on Bringle's theory that Close to You and Felt Good About You belong to the category of unequal love, while Let It Happen belongs to the category of pursuing the love object.
Copyright (c) 2025 Faira Tri Agustin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Consonant Confusion: Pronunciation Challenges among English Club Members
This study examines pronunciation errors among university students learning English as a second language, focusing on members of the English Club, primarily Balinese learners. Despite English being a global language and widely learned as a second language, pronunciation remains a significant challenge, often influenced by the learners' native language. This research employs a qualitative approach with purposive sampling to select a sample of 11 participants who are not majoring in English. These participants were chosen through observation and a questionnaire. Data are collected by having the participants read a story, "Pan Balang Tamak," to identify specific pronunciation errors and understand how their native language affects their English pronunciation. This research finds that the most type of error is misformation in some sounds such as /θ/, /ð/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/. This type of error occurs due to the dissimilarity of certain sounds between English and the native language. Additionally, pronunciation skills among English Club members must be improved to reduce recurring errors
Copyright (c) 2025 Putu Desi Anggerina Hikmaharyanti, Ni Komang Nira Desi Anggerina Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Linguistic Identity and Social Roles in the Film Green Book
This study explores how language reflects and negotiates cultural identity, power, and social relations through an ethnographic analysis of communication in the 2018 film Green Book. The research is grounded in the need to understand how communication functions as a bridge across cultural and racial divisions, particularly in media representations set within historically segregated contexts. Employing a qualitative content analysis design, the study applies Dell Hymes’ S.P.E.A.K.I.N.G. model to analyze the main character’s communicative practices throughout the film. Focusing on three key components—setting, participants, and ends—the analysis reveals a significant transformation in the character’s speech, evolving from culturally insensitive and informal language toward more empathetic, respectful, and contextually appropriate communication. These changes reflect a broader process of identity negotiation and cultural awareness shaped by dynamic social interactions. The findings contribute to the field of sociolinguistics by illustrating how communicative competence is constructed and reshaped in intercultural contexts, and they also offer insights for media and cultural studies on how film can serve as a site for representing and critiquing social norms and values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Inas Abiyyu Wardana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analyzing Science Fiction Plot and Setting in Stranger Things Season 1
This study utilizes Joyce G. Sarick's theory to examine the plot and setting of the Netflix series Stranger Things season 1. The objective of this study is to identify the science fiction genre element in the Netflix series Stranger Things season 1. The analysis employs a qualitative methods, with primary data sourced from the Netflix series Stranger Things season 1, which was aired on Netflix in 2016. The researcher acts as the primary instrument for data collection and categorization, while secondary data is derived from Stranger Things season 1 episodes. This analysis demonstrates that the plot and setting of Stranger Things Season 1 on Netflix align with the criteria associated with the science fiction genre. The incorporation of key science fiction elements in the series constitutes a pivotal aspect of its storytelling structure
Copyright (c) 2025 erika intan rosediana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Class and Class Struggle in The Hunger Games (2012) Movie
This study analyses the portrayal of Social Class and Class Struggle in The Hunger Games (2012) through a Marxist lens. In The Hunger Games, Panem is depicted as having a dual-class social structure. The Capitol is the representative of the bourgeoisie, while District 12 is the representative of the proletariat. The Capitol, as the proprietor of the mode of production, possesses both wealth and power. The objective is to empower them to pursue their desired course of action. In action District 12, the lower classes are characterized by a state of profound destitution. These individuals are constrained in their ability to engage in meaningful work, and as a result, they are compelled to rely on the bourgeoisie for their subsistence. The use of this method qualitative descriptive method to analyze Social Class and Class Struggle in The Hunger Games (2012). This approach allows for detailed examination of visual elements, dialogue, character relationships, and narrative structure.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fahmi Haidar Al kahfi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
“Representamen, Object and Interpretant in Humanitarian and Justice of Free Palestine Movement Taglines in Israel Allied Countries”
This research examines the function of taglines and the semiotic structure of taglines used in the Free Palestine movement. The research examines the issue of how these taglines function as communicative tools and struggle tools, shaping meaning through semiotic mechanisms. Despite their widespread use on digital platforms, academic exploration of the communicative role and semiotic dimensions of these taglines is rare. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study applied semiotic theory, specifically using Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic model to analyze the selected taglines. The results of this study reveal several types of taglines, including descriptive, specific, superlative, imperative, provocative, each of which has a function as a form of support, expressing solidarity and challenging the dominant narrative. This research also identifies a semiotic structure consisting of Representamen (tagline as a sign), object (socio-political issue) and interpretant (ideological meaning constructed by the audience). This research concludes that the tagline in the Free Palestine Movement does not only convey linguistic expression but is a powerful semiotic instrument to provide resistance and mobilize public sentiment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dini Oktaviani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Correlation Between TOEFL Reading Score and Critical Reading Comprehension of EFL Students
TOEFL has played a very important role in predicting students’ academic performance. However, very limited research has specifically addressed the relationship between the TOEFL reading section and students’ critical reading comprehension, as most existing studies predominantly focused on the correlation between overall TOEFL scores and students’ academic performance in general, such as GPA. This research examined the correlation between TOEFL reading score and critical reading comprehension of TBI students at UIN Datokarama Palu. A quantitative approach through correlational design was employed with 30 students as participants. Data were collected by using TOEFL reading test and GPA of critical reading comprehension course of students. Pearson product moment correlation was used to analyze the data. The results revealed a significant positive moderate correlation (r = 0.587, p = 0.01) between two variables. Reflecting that as one variable increases, the other variables tend to increase as well with a meaningful but not perfectly linear relationship. This indicates that students’ proficiency in the TOEFL reading section not only reflects their reading ability in English generally, but also correlates with their capacity to understand, analyze, interpret, and evaluate information in the reading text critically. By integrating TOEFL reading test into students’ critical reading exercises, educators can strengthen students’ critical reading comprehension that emphasizes determining main idea, identifying arguments, and evaluating evidences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Resti Anggriyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use of Machine Translation Tools on EFL Students’ Writing
Despite the increasing prominence of machine translation (MT) tools in academic settings, few studies have explored how EFL students balance the use of translation techniques with digital assistance while also enhancing their writing skills. This research investigates how fourth-semester EFL students translate and articulate their views on utilizing MT tools to support academic writing. The fourth semester students enrolling translation course in an undergraduate program in a public university in Indonesia participated in this mixed method research. Data were gathered from documents, questionnaire, and interview which then analyzed with qualitative method and descriptive statistical analysis. The findings reveal that borrowing and literal translation were the most frequently used techniques, followed by transposition and adaptation. It indicates students’ reliance on direct linguistic transfer and their emerging grammatical flexibility and cultural awareness. Although the students acknowledged the limitations of MT tools and the need for critical post-editing, they had positive attitudes toward MT tools usage. The study concludes that students are in a transitional phase of translation competence. Hence, pedagogical interventions—emphasizing writing conventions, post-editing skills, and MT literacy including etiquette—are highly required for endorsing the development of both translation and academic writing skills in EFL academic settings.
Copyright (c) 2025 Firima Zona Tanjung, Woro Kusmaryani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students’ Strategies in Answering the TOEFL Listening Test at UIN Datokarama Palu
This study aims to determine the level of listening skill in TOEFL and the strategies used in answering TOEFL listening. Students sometimes struggle to understand spoken English, especially while taking the TOEFL test for the first time. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the strategies they use to overcome these challenges. This study used a mixed method and a sequential explanatory type. The participants were 30 eighth-semester English students from UIN Datokarama Palu. All students took a TOEFL test, and the eight students with the highest listening scores were chosen for interview. Data were collected by using semi-structured interview and analyzed thematically to identify the different types of listening tactics employed. The results showed that students used three primary categories of strategies: social-affective, cognitive, and metacognitive. Students are more likely to employ cognitive and metacognitive techniques than social-affective ones. This study indicates that increasing awareness of listening strategies can help first-time test takers improve their TOEFL scores and reduce anxiety about listening comprehension. The results suggest that students could implement the strategies to enhance their listening scores.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mawar Wulandari, Yuni Amelia, Afifah Afifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Semiotic Analysis on The Podcast "How to Build Muscle" on Huberman Lab Clips YouTube Channel
Nowadays, fitness podcasts are becoming popular, they now influence the public’s perception of science and the body. This study analyzes how Huberman Lab podcast episode “How to Build Muscle” explains scientific knowledge about muscle hypertrophy and is understood in different cultures. The most important part is to uncover the various meanings in the podcast’s words using Roland Barthes’ theory. A research design using qualitative methods. Data from the official podcast video and text were used, which were then studied through a model with three steps: reducing data, presenting it, and coming to conclusions. Barthes’ theory was used to find out the denotative, connotative, and myth meanings in certain chosen excerpts. It is found that scientific explanations in the podcast help transmit facts, yet also back up cultural views on having an ‘ideal body’, male/female differences, and the power of science. It is clear from the results that modern fitness discussion combines facts about biology with different ideologies. By exploring this area, the study helps readers gain a new way to view the role of scientific communication in popular media on people’s views of identity, health, and the body.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadhlan Halim Hasan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of Audiobook Media on Students’ Listening Comprehension at Tenth Grade of SMA Negeri 2 Tarakan
This research was aimed to investigate the impact of audiobooks on the listening comprehension of students in the English language study at SMA Negeri 2 Tarakan. This investigation employed a pre-experimental design. The researcher collected data from a single class, X-F, composed of 35 students. A written listening test was implemented. The results indicated that the students’ score prior to treatment was 53.91, increasing to 77.60 following the treatment. Consequently, Ha was accepted, and Ho was rejected. The findings demonstrated that audiobooks have the potential to significantly enhance students’ listening comprehension. This media offered advantages in consistent speaking speed, correct pronunciation, and intonation, as well as more comprehensive comprehension of context and details in identifying information from descriptive, narrative, and recount contexts. Therefore, audiobooks can be a highly effective tool for enhancing listening abilities, particularly in the context of language education, during the teaching and learning process.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramli Ramli, Woro Kusmaryani, Agustinus Daniel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pear Deck and Pocable Game on Students’ Vocabulary Knowledge
This research examined the effectiveness of Pear Deck and Pocable Game in improving students' vocabulary knowledge at SMPN 10 Tarakan. This research used a quasi-experimental method with a quantitative approach and collected test score data from two classes, namely classes VII-I (control) and VII-II (experimental), each consisting of 29 students. Results showed that Pear Deck and Pocable Game significantly improved vocabulary knowledge compared to PowerPoint. The experimental class experienced a more significant increase in mean score, from 69.03 to 86.2 before treatment to 81.62 afterwards. In the control class, the average score increased from 67.31 to 78.12. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of Pear Deck and Pocable Game as learning media that can encourage students to participate interactively during learning, which improves their understanding of pronunciation, meaning, and vocabulary usage. Networked technology and continuous teacher development are needed to create fun and memorable English language learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 ramli ramli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Students’ Perception of Using Instagram Learning Account Towards Their Vocabulary Mastery
This study investigates the perceptions of junior high school students on the use of Instagram learning accounts to support their English vocabulary acquisition. The research used descriptive quantitative design with a survey approach. The data were collected from 112 ninth grade students at SMP Negeri 12 Purworejo through a closed-ended questionnaire based on cognitive, affective, and conative aspects. The results showed that in general, students have a high perception of the role of Instagram in vocabulary development. The cognitive component received the highest mean score (M = 3.71), followed by the affective (M = 3.60) and conative (M = 3.59) components. Students perceived Instagram as a helpful, enjoyable, and convenient learning, with visual content significantly helping vocabulary comprehension and retention. In addition, students reported increased motivation, emotional engagement, and autonomy in vocabulary learning through the platform. These results shows that Instagram can aid as a valuable supplementary tool to support formal English language education, particularly in enhancing students' vocabulary acquisition.
Copyright (c) 2025 Hetfil Arun, Ismawati Ike Nugraeni, Andrian Nuriza Johan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Analysis of Personal Writing in Freedom Writers Movie and Its Application in Teaching Writing
Personal writing, as depicted in the film “Freedom Writers,” offers valuable insights for writing instruction, particularly for students from diverse and challenging backgrounds. This study aims to investigate how personal writing activities—such as diaries and reflective journals—can be applied to foster self-expression, emotional growth, and identity development in the classroom. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through content analysis of the movie and supported by relevant literature. The findings reveal that integrating personal writing into teaching not only enhances students’ motivation and writing abilities but also creates a more supportive and engaging learning environment. These results suggest that personal writing strategies can empower students, boost their confidence, and promote authentic written communication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uswatun Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Analysis of Figurative Language in Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech
This study investigated the figurative language found in Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech on January 20th, 2025. The aim of this study was to analyze the types of figurative languages and their meanings. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative. The source of data of this study was the inaugural speech of Donald Trump. The data analyzed in this study were the words, phrases, clauses, and sentences containing figurative language. The theory used in this study was M.H. Abrams figurative language theory, and pragmatic and expressive approach to describe the meaning. The finding of this study indicated that there were 23 figurative languages found in the speech. They were personification, hyperbole, metaphor, metonymy, simile and symbolism. Personification was the most frequent figurative language. This study showed that the figurative language used in the speech was to convey ideological messages, appeal emotionally to the audience, and build persuasive narratives. This study will possibly help to enrich learning and understanding of figurative language meaning especially in political discourse.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roobby Hamdanur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Slang Words on Social Media TikTok in 2024
Slang is rapidly evolving on social media as a form of informal expression, and TikTok has become one of the most dynamic platforms for the spread of slang among the younger generation. This research aims to analyze the types and functions of slang words that develop on the TikTok social media platform in 2024. Using a qualitative approach, this study refers to Allan and Burridge's (2006) classification of slang words, which consists of five categories: fresh and creative, flippant, imitative, acronym, and clipping. Data were obtained from 19 popular TikTok videos, including text in captions, video content, and comments, which featured explicit use of slang expressions. The results show that TikTok users exhibit a high level of linguistic creativity, along with the fast, informal, and multimodal character of digital communication. Of the seven slang functions identified in previous theories, it was found that only three main functions were most dominant, namely: (1) to express impressions, (2) to show closeness or intimacy between users, and (3) to form a relaxed and familiar communication atmosphere. These findings indicate that the use of slang on TikTok not only reflects the dynamics of informal language, but is also an important means of building self-identity and strengthening social relationships among the younger generation. Thus, TikTok can be seen as a digital social space that contributes to the formation and spread of contemporary language innovations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anissa Ikhsan Jose https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Grammatical Cohesive Devices of Students Writing Recount Text in Vocational High School
This study aims to identify the types and the meaning of grammatical cohesive devices in students’ recount texts. The object of the study was 26 recount texts written by tenth-grade students. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using qualitative content analysis as proposed by Mayring (2014), involving categorization, abstraction, and coding based on Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion framework. The analysis revealed 590 instances of grammatical cohesive devices. Reference was the most frequently used, occurring 460 times, indicating students’ strong dependence on personal and demonstrative references to maintain coherence. Conjunctions were the second most common, with 129 instances, demonstrating their role in connecting events and ideas. Substitution appeared only once, while ellipsis was not found in any of the texts. The study concludes that reference and conjunction are the dominant cohesive devices used by students in constructing recount texts, helping to maintain the logical flow and coherence of their narratives. The rare use of substitution and the absence of ellipsis suggest these forms are less familiar to students and require further instructional emphasis. This analysis highlights the importance of grammatical cohesion in supporting the clarity and unity of student writing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Saibani Wiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cultural Survival and the Postcolonial Imagination: A Fanonian Reading of Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart
Postcolonial literary studies have long explored how colonized subjects reclaim cultural identity and agency in response to imperial domination. However, although many formerly colonized nations have achieved political independence, the legacy of colonial knowledge and cultural domination continues to shape identities, institutions, and worldviews. Most previous studies on Things Fall Apart tend to focus on the impact of colonialism or political resistance but have not systematically examined how Fanon’s framework can be applied to analyze the process of cultural decolonization through the recovery of Igbo social structures, language, spatial values, and collective identity as forms of epistemic resistance. Drawing on Frantz Fanon’s theory of cultural decolonization, the analysis highlights how Achebe’s narrative resists colonial discourse by restoring indigenous epistemologies and reasserting communal identity. This study addresses the ongoing condition in Igbo society by offering a Fanonian reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, focusing on the enduring impact of colonialism on the social structures, traditional values, and identity formations within this society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ida - Puspita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Use of Reference Markers (it, this, and that) and Their Relation to the Pedagogical Context
The study focuses on the purposes and ramifications of reference markers (it, this, and that) for teaching English in educational situations by analyzing their usage in 10 articles from Newsweek and Tempo News. The study examined the ways in which these indicators support textual coherence in professional writing using a qualitative research approach and content analysis. The information came from eleven pieces that were published for Tempo News and Newsweek. According to the results, reference markers had a less substantial role in the texts under analysis than anticipated; Newsweek had more occurrences of reference markers than Tempo News. This disparity shows that reference markers may be used differently based on target audience, writing style, and cultural norms. The study also raises the possibility of a disconnect between theoretical knowledge and real-world text application. In order to fill these gaps, teachers should enhance their understanding of successful teaching and learning reference marker tactics by incorporating real materials into their lessons and assessing students' competency levels.
Copyright (c) 2025 ulfah ridhwan dirham, Sahri Suwandi, Rifari Baron, Nugroho Nugroho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Teaching Strategies Used by English Teachers at SMKN 2 Tarakan North Kalimantan
The objective of the research was to determine of the teaching strategies used by the English teachers at tenth class of SMKN 2 Tarakan. The research used a descriptive method. The subject of the research was English teachers at tenth class of SMKN 2 Tarakan. The research focused on teacher strategies on teaching English especially reading materials in class. The research data collection was carried out by documentation, observation, and interviews. The results of the research showed that the teacher used four strategies, namely scaffolding, team assisted instruction, question-answer method and project-based learning model.
Copyright (c) 2025 winarno winarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Code-Switching in “Despacito (Remix)”: A Sociolinguistic Perspective in Bilingual and Global Pop Music
In an increasingly globalized world, multilingualism has become a key feature of contemporary popular music. This research investigates the structural forms and communicative functions of language alternation in Despacito (Remix)—a globally successful pop song blending Spanish and English. Drawing on Poplack’s typology of code-switching, Hoffman’s functional motivations, and Muysken’s classifications of code-mixing, the study examines how language alternation shapes the song’s narrative structure, emotional expression, and international appeal. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research conducts a close analysis of the song’s lyrics—particularly Justin Bieber’s bilingual performance—revealing the prominent use of switching within sentences and between sentences, alongside instances of insertional mixing. The findings indicate that language alternation is not merely stylistic choices, but strategic tools to enhance expressiveness, foster cultural hybridity, and expand global reach. In comparison with previous studies on code-switching in Indonesian digital and literary contexts, this paper highlights how popular music represents a distinct and underexplored domain where linguistic creativity intersects with market-driven aesthetics. Ultimately, the study underscores the role of language alternation as a powerful mechanism for shaping narratives, constructing identities, and engaging diverse audiences in global entertainment media.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rela Sabtiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Collaborative Learning in Multimodal Writing: A Study on Student Experiences Using Canva
Technology integration in education has become increasingly important, particularly in enhancing collaborative learning and multimodal writing. Platforms like Canva, which allow students to combine text with visual elements, are seen as valuable tools for fostering creativity and improving communication in collaborative projects. However, there is limited research on student experiences using such platforms in collaborative writing tasks, especially in EFL writing classroom. This study aims to explore students' experiences and perceptions of collaborative learning through multimodal writing using Canva, focusing on its impact on writing quality and digital literacy. A qualitative case study was conducted with 36 English Language Education program undergraduate students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and reflective journals. The findings reveal that Canva facilitated effective collaboration, improved writing quality, and enhanced creativity by allowing students to integrate graphic elements into their compositions. However, challenges such as technical issues, limited digital skills, and communication barriers were also identified. Despite these obstacles, students employed strategies like peer support, regular check-ins, and using alternative communication platforms to overcome difficulties. The study highlights the importance of providing digital literacy training and ensuring access to technology in educational settings. These findings suggest that platforms like Canva can significantly improve collaborative learning and digital literacy, offering valuable insights for educators seeking to integrate technology into their teaching practices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vivit Rosmayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Analysis of Students’ Inferiority Feeling on Speaking Ability
Speaking is an English language skill that should be mastered by EFL learners. This study aims to know the factors that induce students’ inferiority in speaking English in the second semester of English education at the Muhammadiyah University of Kendal Batang. This research is the Descriptive-qualitative method and uses applied purposive sampling techniques in choosing sampling. 26 students as respondents experienced inferiority feelings in class, second-semester students of English education at the Muhammadiyah University of Kendal Batang. The data was obtained through an observation checklist, distributed open-ended questionnaire, and an interview. There were 5 factors the results in this research showed caused students’ inferiority feeling in speaking English. The majority of factors are lack of vocabulary 26%, followed by unconfident about 24%, fear of making mistakes 21%, fear of negative reaction 18% and grammar problems 11%. So, it can be concluded that the problems of students’ speaking are not only from the internal, but it’s also from external. Teacher should influence the students to speak up without anxiety. Using some appropriate methods and supportive environment may can help students in speaking well.
Copyright (c) 2025 PRASETYAWAN AJI SUGIHARTO https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
High-Context vs. Low-Context Communication in English: A Cross-Cultural Study of Indonesian and American Interaction in Puri Viera’s Instagram Reels
This study explores the manifestations of high-context and low-context communication styles within cross-cultural interactions between Indonesian and American speakers, as portrayed in Puri Viera’s Instagram Reels as the lack of studies by using Indonesian and American as the participants. Utilizing Edward T. Hall’s theory of context communication, the research employs a qualitative content analysis approach to identify and analyze verbal and non-verbal communication patterns. The analysis reveals distinct cultural markers: Indonesian speakers tend to favor indirectness, contextual reliance, and nonverbal cues (high-context), while American speakers exhibit directness, explicitness, and linear logic (low-context). These distinctions not only underscore cultural communication preferences but also demonstrate how digital platforms like Instagram facilitate intercultural dialogue. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of intercultural communication dynamics in digital spaces and provide practical implications for fostering effective, culturally aware interactions on social media.
Copyright (c) 2025 Krisna Weny https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Does Sasaknese have Inflectional Phrase?
In generative grammar, particularly within X-bar theory, all syntactic structures are endocentric. This principle dictates that a clause or sentence must be analyzed as an inflectional phrase (IP), with the inflectional category as its head. While this principle has been attested across numerous languages and is considered universal, languages like Javanese exhibit patterns distinct from inflectional systems such as English. This study examines the existence of inflectional phrases in Sasaknese, which have not been discussed yet in any other studies of Sasak language, using data from Sasaknese book collected through observational methods. The analysis confirms that Sasaknese lexicons expressing tense, aspect, and modality belong to inflections and project maximally as an Inflectional Phrase.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sartika - H https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Describing Self-efficacy of In-experienced English Teachers in Elementary Schools
This study aims to describe the self-efficacy level of inexperienced English teachers in elementary schools. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach with a questionnaire instrument based on the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) theory which includes three main domains: student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. The research subjects consisted of 35 elementary school teachers who taught English but did not have an English education background. The results showed that teachers' self-efficacy levels were generally high, with the classroom management domain receiving the highest score with score (30.9), followed by instructional strategies with score (30.8), and the lowest score on student engagement with score (29.6). This finding indicates that although teachers have no specific experience in teaching English, they have good self-efficacy in managing the classroom and designing lessons. Although research on teacher self-efficacy has been widely conducted in various educational contexts, not much is known about the self-efficacy of novice English teachers in primary schools in Indonesia, especially those who do not have an English language education background or teaching certification. This study addresses the gap of elementary school teachers who do not have an English education background However, they still face challenges in motivating and actively engaging students. This study recommends the need for specialized training that focuses on developing interactive strategies to improve student engagement in English language learning.
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Aulia Ramadani, Nurul Hasanah Fajaria, Enci Zarkasih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Problem Based Learning to Improve Students’ Grammar Competence at Second Semester Students of English Education Borneo University Tarakan
Grammar proficiency continues to be a significant difficulty for students in higher education, particularly in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings. This burning issue calls for innovative teaching strategies that actively engage learners in language use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL) in grammar instruction and evaluate its effectiveness in improving students' grammatical competency. This research employed a collaborative classroom action research design. It was conducted over two cycles to observe the changes in students' grammar performance through iterative interventions. The participants were 32 second-semester students from the English Department. The instruments used to collect data were observation notes and grammar tests designed to measure changes in students' grammar performance. The data were analyzed by comparing the results from two research cycles, focusing on the average scores and the proportion of students achieving the minimum mastery criteria. The results showed a significant improvement: the average student score increased from 62.5 in the first cycle to 72.4 in the second, and the percentage of students who met the minimal mastery criteria rose from 42.3% to 78%. In conclusion, problem-based learning positively impacted students’ grammar proficiency. The implication of this result suggests that PBL not only enhances students' grammatical competence but also improves their speaking and writing abilities by encouraging active communication, fostering motivation, and engaging them in meaningful problem-solving tasks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fitriawati Fitriawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Locutionary Speech Acts on the Twitter Account @Cursedkidd
This study aims to analyze locutionary speech acts used in the Twitter account @Cursedkidd using a pragmatic approach and qualitative methods. Locutionary speech acts are understood as literal utterances that function to convey information directly in communication interactions. This study explores the forms of locutionary speech acts such as directives, declaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, and expressives, and how these forms are used to build public discourse through Twitter social media. Data were collected through observation of tweets and replies from the @Cursedkidd account, then analyzed using listening techniques and discourse analysis methods. The results showed that the dominant locutionary forms were directives (40%), followed by declaratives (32%), interrogatives and imperatives each (10%), and expressives (8%). These findings indicate that Twitter as a social media creates an interactive and dynamic communication space, where concise language styles, symbols, and popular cultural elements such as slang are used strategically to influence, express emotions, and build social relationships. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding social and cultural contexts in interpreting literal meanings and interactions in digital media.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maguna eli Astuti, Andri Purwanto, MILDAN ARSDAN FIDINILAH, SAHRI SUWANDI, FITRIAH ANNISA, HIDAYATUN NAZILA https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Feminism Analysis in the Novel “The Blue Castle” by L.M. Montgomery
Feminism was a movement that seeks justice, liberation and equality between men and women in all areas advocating for women's rights and priorities. In addition, the role of female characters was often portrayed as oppressed individuals compared to men, including in their work, education, and roles in society. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. The novel “The Blue Castle” told the story of a woman named Valency Stirling in the face of oppression and pressure in her family and society. This research described feminism, the struggle of a woman in fighting for her rights contained in the novel. The purpose of this study was to explore the theory of feminism and raise awareness of social issues, especially for women in society. The results of this study found forms of injustice or oppression in the family/society to Valency, the courage to live a free life, and the awareness that makes Valency happier with her life based on the perspective of feminism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nia Kurniati, Dina Sabilah, Ni Kadek Ely Septiani, Fina Ulwiyah, Ni Kadek Ely Septiani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Improving Elementary School Students’ Vocabulary Mastery Using Wordwall Game
Wordwall, are effective resources for English teachers to improve vocabulary acquisition in EFL classrooms. However, However, limited research has been conducted to explore the effectiveness of Wordwall in enhancing English vocabulary acquisition . This study attempted to increase the vocabulary mastery of elementary school students in terms of both vocabulary knowledge and pronunciation through the use of Wordwall game. Students in the fourth grade at an elementary school in Banjarmasin participated in the research. This study included 29 students as its subjects. This study was a two cycle Classroom Action Research (CAR) in collaborative with the English teacher. Four research processes were conducted in each cycle: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research’s instruments were field notes, which were examined by qualitative and students’ test results which were examined by quantitative. The results proved that Wordwall game engagement improved students’ vocabulary mastery. It revealed how students’ pre and post-test results had improved. Students’ mean scores on the pre-test were 45,17 for pronunciation and 58,10 for vocabulary knowledge. Students’ mean scores on the post-test were 74,1 for pronunciation and 83,8 for vocabulary knowledge. The results of this study also shown how other strategies, such as using pictures and small group discussion might enhance the efficiency of the learning process. The authors recommended doing more research on the usage of Wordwall game to improve students’ English proficiency in addition to their vocabulary mastery. By implementing Wordwall game, the author can also discover additional techniques and classroom management that could optimize students’ learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Maya Safitri, Hafizhatu Nadia, Noor Aida Aflahah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Secondary Students’ Digital Literacy Skills in Accessing Online Information for English Language Learning: What Skill is?
The term ‘digital literacy’ has emerged because of the rapid development in technology (Liu et al., 2020). As we have seen, one reason is that technology has improved a lot, making a wide range of digital tools and platforms easy for both teachers and students to access (Hamilton, 2022). In this study, the author aims to explore secondary students’ digital literacy skills in accessing online information for supporting their independent learning. The method that conducted on this study is qualitative systematic review framework from Xiao & Watson (2019). To support the data, the author distributed the questionnaire via Google Form to fifteen secondary students of Senior High School. As a whole, the three of previous studies suggested that technology has a lot of potential to improve how students learn. Besides, on the result of supporting data showed that the students competent in accessing the internet to gain the online information for supporting their English language learning independently. To sum up, the focus learning area of English that improved is reading ability (41.2%) and speaking ability (29.4%).
Copyright (c) 2025 Nasihatul Ummah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0