Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Geography Learning to Improve Geospatial Literacy

Nurna ningsih

Abstract


The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought fundamental transformations in the geography learning process, particularly in strengthening students’ geospatial literacy. This literacy extends beyond the mere understanding of spatial concepts, encompassing the ability to process, interpret, and utilize location-based information in an analytical and reflective manner. However, previous studies indicate that the implementation of AI in geography education remains fragmented and has not yet been systematically conceptualized within an integrated framework. This study aims to identify and synthesize the contributions of AI in enhancin4g geospatial literacy through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected from scientific publications indexed in Scopus, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Google Scholar within the 2016–2026 publication period. The analysis process involved stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and synthesis using a thematic approach. The findings reveal that the application of AI-based technologies, such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), GeoAI, and Augmented Reality, contributes to the development of more dynamic, responsive, and data-driven learning environments. Furthermore, the integration of these technologies enhances spatial thinking skills, analytical accuracy, and problem-solving abilities based on spatial contexts. Nevertheless, its implementation faces several challenges, including limited infrastructure, digital access disparities, insufficient technological readiness among educators, and ethical concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic accountability. Based on these findings, this study emphasizes the urgency of developing a comprehensive conceptual model that integrates AI and geospatial literacy as a foundation for curriculum development and innovation in geography education in the digital era.

Keywords


Artificial intelligence Geospatial literacy Geography education GeoAI Spatial analysis Systematic Literature Review

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