ANALISIS MULTI-TEMPORAL PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN MANGROVE DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP DINAMIKA ABRASI PANTAI DI BABULU LAUT KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Abstract
Abstrak: Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga stabilitas pesisir dan meredam abrasi pantai. Namun, tekanan antropogenik yang meningkat menyebabkan degradasi mangrove di berbagai wilayah pesisir, termasuk Babulu Laut, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan mangrove secara multitemporal serta mengkaji pengaruhnya terhadap dinamika abrasi pantai. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif berbasis penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan memanfaatkan citra Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 tahun 2006, 2016, dan 2026. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) untuk mengidentifikasi perubahan tutupan mangrove dan Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) untuk menganalisis dinamika perairan pesisir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas tutupan mangrove mengalami penurunan signifikan dari ±435,1 ha pada tahun 2006 menjadi ±320,9 ha pada tahun 2026, atau berkurang sekitar 26,2%. Penurunan tutupan mangrove tersebut diikuti oleh peningkatan luasan badan air pada periode akhir pengamatan, yang mengindikasikan meningkatnya abrasi pantai. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa degradasi mangrove berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan kerentanan pesisir terhadap abrasi, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan pesisir terpadu berbasis pemantauan multitemporal.
Abstract: Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in maintaining coastal stability and mitigating beach erosion. However, increasing anthropogenic pressure has led to the degradation of mangroves in various coastal areas, including Babulu Laut, Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan. This study aims to analyze changes in mangrove cover over time and examine its impact on coastal erosion dynamics. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach based on remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) by utilizing Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 images from the years 2006, 2016, and 2026. Analysis was conducted using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to identify changes in mangrove cover and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to analyze coastal water dynamics. The research results show that the area of mangrove cover experienced a significant decrease from ±435.1 ha in 2006 to ±320.9 ha in 2026, or a reduction of about 26.2%. The decrease in mangrove cover was followed by an increase in water body area in the later observation period, indicating increased coastal abrasion. These findings confirm that mangrove degradation contributes to increased coastal vulnerability to abrasion, necessitating integrated coastal management based on multitemporal monitoring.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/geography.v14i1.38421
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