VALUASI EKONOMI KARBON PADA VEGETASI PERKOTAAN KOTA MATARAM BERBASIS NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI)
Abstract
Abstrak: Pembangunan infrastruktur perkotaan sering mengeliminasi tutupan hijau, padahal vegetasi sangat krusial dalam penyerapan emisi karbon. Mengikuti transisi kebijakan menuju instrumen Nilai Ekonomi Karbon (NEK), penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi cadangan karbon vegetasi Kota Mataram secara spasial dan menakar nilai ekonominya di IDXCarbon sebagai basis data estimasi awal. Metode yang digunakan meliputi ekstraksi Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dari citra Sentinel-2A melalui Google Earth Engine (GEE). Nilai tersebut dikonversi menjadi biomassa menggunakan model regresi eksponensial, cadangan karbon, dan serapan emisi menurut standar baku IPCC, untuk kemudian divaluasi menggunakan harga proksi pasar IDXCarbon. Meskipun efisien, metode estimasi optik ini memiliki keterbatasan dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekologis lapangan, sehingga menyumbang tingkat ketidakpastian estimasi sebesar 31,52%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kerapatan vegetasi Kota Mataram didominasi oleh kelas rendah. Secara spasial, Kecamatan Sandubaya bertindak sebagai lumbung karbon tertinggi dengan serapan 93.383,98 ton yang bervaluasi ekuivalen Rp5,49 miliar hingga Rp13,44 miliar. Sebaliknya, Kecamatan Ampenan mencatatkan serapan terendah sebesar 41.144,39 ton (Rp2,41 miliar – Rp5,92 miliar). Temuan ini membuktikan besarnya Nilai Guna Tidak Langsung (Indirect Use Value) parsial dari jasa ekosistem vegetasi perkotaan. Oleh karena itu, data dasar ini direkomendasikan sebagai instrumen argumen proteksi peruntukan ruang hijau dalam Rencana Detail Tata Ruang (RDTR) dan langkah awal eksplorasi mekanisme pendanaan iklim daerah melalui Sistem Registri Nasional Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim (SRN-PPI).
Abstract: Urban infrastructure development often eliminates green cover, even though vegetation is crucial for carbon sequestration. In line with the policy transition toward the Economic Value of Carbon (EVC) framework, this study aims to spatially estimate the vegetation carbon stock in Mataram City and quantify its economic value on IDXCarbon as a baseline for initial estimates. The methods used include extracting the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel-2A imagery via Google Earth Engine (GEE). These values were converted into biomass using an exponential regression model, followed by calculations of carbon stocks and CO₂e absorption according to IPCC standards, and then valued using IDXCarbon’s market proxy prices. Although efficient, this optical estimation method has limitations due to on-the-ground ecological factors, resulting in an estimation uncertainty of 31.52%. The analysis results show that vegetation density in Mataram City is dominated by low-density classes. Spatially, Sandubaya Subdistrict serves as the highest carbon sink with an absorption of 93,383.98 metric tons of CO₂e, valued at the equivalent of Rp5.49 billion to Rp13.44 billion. In contrast, Ampenan Subdistrict recorded the lowest absorption at 41,144.39 metric tons of CO₂e (Rp2.41 billion – Rp5.92 billion). This finding demonstrates the significant partial Indirect Use Value of urban vegetation ecosystem services. Therefore, these baseline data are recommended as a basis for advocating the protection of green space allocations in the Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR) and as a first step toward exploring regional climate financing mechanisms through the National Climate Change Control Registry System (SRN-PPI).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/geography.v14i2.42360
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