The Evolution of Backpropagation Neural Network Algorithms in the Development of Intelligent Flood Detection Systems

Syaharuddin Syaharuddin, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Siti Agrippina Alodia Yusuf, Joelianto Darmawan, Anwar Efendy, Alfiana Sahraini

Abstract


Abstract: Flooding is a hydrometeorological disaster with widespread social, economic, and environmental impacts, requiring an accurate and adaptive early detection and warning system. This study aims to identify, analyze, and synthesize the evolution of the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) algorithm in the development of intelligent flood detection systems and provide direction for future research. The research method used is qualitative with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, using literature sources from DOAJ, Scopus, and Google Scholar with a publication range of 2015–2025. The results of the study show that BPNN has undergone a significant transformation, from a simple feedforward model to an intelligent component capable of processing more complex non-linear patterns. This development is marked by the integration of optimization algorithms (such as Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization), the application of adaptive optimizers, regularization techniques, and integration with deep learning models. The implementation of BPNN has also been expanded through the integration of hydrological and spatial data, including rainfall, river discharge, topography, and satellite imagery, as well as the support of IoT and big data technologies to build adaptive early warning systems. Challenges remain in terms of the risk of overfitting, high computational requirements, data quality limitations, and low model interpretability. These findings confirm that the evolution of BPNN in flood detection systems reflects a shift towards more complex, adaptive, and integrated models, while also opening up future research opportunities in the development of hybrid models, ensemble methods, and the application of cloud-based computing to support more accurate, robust, and responsive flood detection systems.

Keywords


Backpropagation; Neural Network; Flood Detection; Disaster Mitigation.

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  • Dr. Syaharuddin : +62 878-6400-3847
  • Dr. Intan Dwi Hastuti : +62 812-1611-9880