DAMPAK DINAMIKA PERKOTAAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN KAWASAN PERI-URBAN
Abstract
Abstrak: Konversi tutupan lahan di kawasan peri-urban merupakan konsekuensi struktural dari keterbatasan ruang kota inti, bukan sekadar efek samping pertumbuhan penduduk. Artikel ini menyintesis kerangka konseptual mengenai dinamika konversi tutupan lahan, karakteristik kawasan peri-urban, serta peran teknologi penginderaan jauh dalam mendukung tata kelola Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH), dengan kawasan peri-urban Kota Pontianak sebagai konteks ilustratif. Kajian pustaka menunjukkan bahwa konversi lahan didorong oleh interaksi faktor eksternal (dinamika pertumbuhan kota), internal (kondisi sosial ekonomi pengguna lahan), dan kebijakan tata ruang, dengan dampak yang meluas dari hilangnya mata pencaharian hingga terhambatnya capaian SDG 15. Pendekatan zona buffer terbukti efektif sebagai instrumen delineasi kawasan peri-urban berbasis jarak, sementara teknologi penginderaan jauh dan change detection menyediakan basis data kuantitatif untuk memantau pola, laju, dan lokasi perubahan tutupan lahan secara akurat. Regulasi RTH nasional (UU No. 26/2007 dan Permen PU No. 05/2008) menegaskan kewajiban penyediaan RTH minimal 30% dari luas wilayah kota, namun kepatuhan terhadap ambang ini jarang diiringi mekanisme pemantauan berbasis teknologi pada skala kawasan peri-urban. Artikel ini merekomendasikan integrasi zona buffer bertingkat dan teknologi penginderaan jauh ke dalam sistem pemantauan RTH daerah sebagai instrumen kebijakan lingkungan yang lebih responsif terhadap dinamika kawasan peri-urban yang terus berkembang.
Abstract: Land cover conversion in peri-urban areas is a structural consequence of core-city spatial limits, not merely a byproduct of population growth. This article synthesizes a conceptual framework on land cover conversion dynamics, peri-urban area characteristics, and the role of remote sensing technology in supporting Green Open Space (RTH) governance, using the peri-urban area of Pontianak City as an illustrative context. The literature review shows that land conversion is driven by the interaction of external factors (urban growth dynamics), internal factors (the socioeconomic conditions of land users), and spatial planning policy, with impacts ranging from the loss of livelihoods to setbacks in achieving SDG 15. The buffer zone approach proves effective as a distance-based instrument for delineating peri-urban areas, while remote sensing and change detection technologies provide the quantitative basis for accurately monitoring the pattern, rate, and location of land cover change. National RTH regulations (Law No. 26/2007 and Ministerial Regulation No. 05/2008) mandate a minimum RTH provision of 30% of city area, yet compliance with this threshold is rarely accompanied by technology-based monitoring mechanisms at the peri-urban scale. This article recommends integrating tiered buffer zones and remote sensing technology into regional RTH monitoring systems as an environmental policy instrument more responsive to the ongoing dynamics of peri-urban areas.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jeptec.v3i2.43371
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