PENDEKATAN BERBASIS RISIKO UNTUK PENGENDALIAN K3 PADA TAMBANG BATUBARA: STUDI HIRARC PADA AKTIVITAS PERTAMBANGAN PT. PALOPO INDAH RAYA

Abstract

Abstrak: Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) merupakan aspek penting dalam kegiatan pertambangan batubara karena tingginya potensi bahaya yang dapat menyebabkan kecelakaan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya, menilai tingkat risiko, serta merumuskan rekomendasi pengendalian risiko pada kegiatan operasional penambangan batubara di PT. Palopo Indah Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC). Penelitian dilaksanakan selama enam bulan dengan melibatkan 51 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi, sedangkan penilaian risiko mengacu pada standar AS/NZS 4360:2004. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh tahapan proses penambangan batubara di PT. Palopo Indah Raya teridentifikasi memiliki 161 potensi bahaya yang menghasilkan 341 risiko. Tahap coal hauling memiliki jumlah potensi bahaya terbanyak, sedangkan port stockyard memiliki jumlah paling sedikit. Potensi bahaya didominasi oleh unsafe condition (90,1%) dengan jenis bahaya yang paling banyak berupa bahaya fisik dan mekanik. Tingkat risiko didominasi oleh kategori risiko tinggi sebanyak 245 risiko (71,85%), diikuti risiko sedang sebanyak 73 risiko (21,41%) dan risiko ekstrem sebanyak 23 risiko (6,74%). Dominasi risiko tinggi dipengaruhi oleh tingginya tingkat keparahan dampak (severity) meskipun tingkat kemungkinan terjadinya risiko (likelihood) sebagian besar berada pada kategori jarang. Rekomendasi pengendalian risiko didominasi oleh rekayasa teknis sebanyak 210 usulan (61,58%), diikuti pengendalian administrasi sebanyak 107 usulan (31,38%), substitusi sebanyak 22 usulan (6,45%), dan eliminasi sebanyak 2 usulan (0,59%). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penerapan K3 serta mendukung upaya pencegahan kecelakaan kerja pada kegiatan operasional penambangan batubara.

Abstract: Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an essential aspect of coal mining activities due to the high potential hazards that may lead to occupational accidents. This study aimed to identify potential hazards, assess risk levels, and formulate risk control recommendations for coal mining operational activities at PT. Palopo Indah  Raya. This research employed a quantitative descriptive method using the Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) approach. The study was conducted over six months and involved 51 respondents. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation, while the risk assessment was based on the AS/NZS 4360:2004 standard. The results showed that all stages of the coal mining process at PT. Palopo Indah Raya were identified to have 161 potential hazards, resulting in 341 identified risks. The coal hauling stage had the highest number of potential hazards, while the port stockyard stage had the fewest. The identified hazards were dominated by unsafe conditions (90.1%), with physical and mechanical hazards being the most prevalent. The risk assessment indicated that high-risk category was the most dominant, accounting for 245 risks (71.85%), followed by moderate risk with 73 risks (21.41%) and extreme risk with 23 risks (6.74%). The predominance of high-risk category was mainly influenced by the high severity of potential consequences, although the likelihood of occurrence was predominantly classified as rare. The proposed risk controls were dominated by engineering controls with 210 recommendations (61.58%), followed by administrative controls with 107 recommendations (31.38%), substitution with 22 recommendations (6.45%), and elimination with 2 recommendations (0.59%). The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for the company in improving the effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) implementation and supporting efforts to prevent occupational accidents in coal mining operational activities.