Hak-Hak Anak serta Faktor Risiko dan Protektif Penelantaran Anak Pekerja Migran Indonesia: Analisis dengan Kerangka SCII
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hak-hak anak, serta faktor risiko dan protektif terhadap penelantaran anak pekerja migran Indonesia menggunakan kerangka SCII. Studi ini berangkat dari fenomena meningkatnya kasus penelantaran anak yang ditinggalkan orang tua bekerja ke luar negeri, khususnya di Lombok Timur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis-empiris dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan studi dokumentasi terhadap sembilan informan yang terdiri dari anak pekerja migran, pengasuh, tokoh masyarakat, Forum Anak, dan pejabat lembaga pemerintah daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran hak anak mencakup hak atas pengasuhan dan perlindungan keluarga, pendidikan yang layak, perlindungan dari kekerasan dan penelantaran, kesehatan dan kebutuhan dasar, partisipasi, serta identitas dan rasa aman. Faktor risiko yang dominan adalah budaya patriarki, budaya diam, lemahnya koordinasi kelembagaan, serta rendahnya kapasitas dan literasi hukum pengasuh. Di sisi lain, faktor protektif muncul melalui solidaritas komunitas, peran Forum Anak, kebijakan perlindungan anak nasional, dan pendidikan berbasis hak yang mendorong resiliensi anak. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya implementasi terpadu berbasis SCII sebagai strategi sistemik dan sensitif budaya untuk memperkuat perlindungan anak. Temuan ini berkontribusi dalam memperluas pemahaman teoretis dan praktik tata kelola perlindungan anak di Indonesia.
This study aims to analyze children's rights, as well as risk and protective factors for child neglect among Indonesian migrant workers using the SCII framework. This study is based on the increasing number of cases of child neglect among parents working abroad, particularly in East Lombok. The study employs a juridical-empirical approach, utilizing descriptive and analytical methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies with nine informants, including migrant workers' children, caregivers, community leaders, the Children's Forum, and local government officials. The results show that violations of children's rights include the right to family care and protection, adequate education, protection from violence and neglect, health and basic needs, participation, and identity and a sense of security. The dominant risk factors are patriarchal culture, a culture of silence, weak institutional coordination, and low capacity and legal literacy of caregivers. On the other hand, protective factors emerge through community solidarity, the role of the Children's Forum, national child protection policies, and rights-based education that promotes child resilience. This research highlights the importance of integrated SCII-based implementation as a systemic and culturally sensitive approach to enhance child protection. These findings contribute to broadening the theoretical understanding and practice of child protection governance in Indonesia.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/civicus.v13i2.35551
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