Analisis Putusan Hakim Terhadap Pemberian Dispensasi Perkawinan Anak di Bawah Umur di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Dompu

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis putusan hakim terhadap pemberian dispensasi perkawinan di bawah umur dan menganalisis tingkat permohonan serta dalil-dalil hukum dalam penetapan pemberian dispensasi perkawinan anak di bawah umur di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Dompu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumen, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Data akan dianalisis dengan teori Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalil-dalil yang digunakan hakim dalam memberikan penetapan putusan terhadap permohonan dispensasi perkawinan anak dibawah umur adalah; 1) Mahkamah Agung nomor 5 tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Permohonan Dispensasi Kawin, 2) Jika bentuk permohonan yang diajukan tidak ada dalil dalam undang-undang maka digunakan dalil-dalil yang ada dalam fikih Islam dengan memandang maslahah dan manfaat lebih besar dari pada mafsadatnya. Antara lain Al-qur’an Surah an-Nur Ayat 32, Qur’an Surat Ar-Rum Ayat 21, assunah, hadist dan kitab-kitab fiqih Islam.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing judicial decisions regarding the granting of marriage dispensation for underage individuals and examining the level of applications as well as the legal arguments used in determining the approval of underage marriage dispensations at the Religious Court of Dompu Regency. The study employed a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach, and informants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis, while the data were analyzed qualitatively using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model. The results of the study indicate that the legal grounds used by judges in granting decisions on applications for underage marriage dispensation include: (1) Supreme Court Regulation No. 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Applications for Marriage Dispensation; and (2) when the application submitted has no explicit legal basis in statutory law, the judge refers to the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) by considering maslahah (public benefit) and the greater good over potential harm (mafsadat). These considerations include references to the Qur’an, specifically Surah An-Nur (24:32), Surah Ar-Rum (30:21), as-Sunnah, Hadiths, and classical Islamic jurisprudence texts (fiqh books).