ANALISIS PENGARUH ANGIN MUSON TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI PM2.5 DAN IMPLIKASINYA PADA PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT

Rajwa Ganesya Atallah, Nadiya Sabila Hasanah, Faridzatul Azna, Dinda Alisa Sopiana, Aisah Nurcahya, Tania Septi Anggraini

Abstract


Abstrak: PM2.5 adalah polutan berupa partikel halus berukuran mikrometer yang dapat dengan mudah terhirup dan masuk ke dalam sistem pernapasan. Paparan PM2.5 dalam jangka panjang diketahui dapat memperburuk berbagai penyakit hingga meningkatkan risiko kematian. Salah satu penyakit yang berpotensi dipengaruhi oleh paparan polusi udara, khususnya PM2.5, adalah tuberkulosis (TBC). Wilayah Jabodetabek sebagai kawasan metropolitan dengan aktivitas antropogenik yang tinggi serta dinamika meteorologi yang kompleks sangat rentan terhadap akumulasi dan transport polutan udara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi spasial PM2.5 di Jabodetabek, mengkaji pengaruh angin muson terhadap pola penyebarannya, serta mengevaluasi implikasi spasialnya terhadap kejadian TBC. Data PM2.5 diperoleh dari stasiun pemantauan World Air Quality Index (WAQI) dan estimasi berbasis citra Sentinel-5P TROPOMI menggunakan metode regresi Random Forest. Pola transport polutan dianalisis menggunakan model backward trajectory HYSPLIT. Hasil RMSE, MAE, dan akurasi R² menunjukkan bahwa performa model Random Forest masih rendah. Nilai RMSE sebesar 14,296 dan MAE sebesar 12,827 mencerminkan kesalahan prediksi yang cukup besar, sedangkan nilai R² (0,179) mengindikasikan bahwa model belum mampu menjelaskan variasi konsentrasi PM2.5 di wilayah Jabodetabek pada tahun 2024. Dengan adanya penelitian ini, daerah yang tidak memiliki stasiun pengamatan polusi udara tetap dapat mengetahui sebaran PM2.5 dengan data penginderaan jauh yang bersifat kontinu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung Pembangunan berkelanjutan (SDGs) pada tujuan ke-tiga, yaitu kehidupan sehat dan sejahterah.

 

Abstract:  PM2.5 is a pollutant in the form of fine particles measuring micrometers that can be easily inhaled and enter the respiratory system. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is known to exacerbate various diseases and increase the risk of death. One disease that is potentially affected by exposure to air pollution, particularly PM2.5, is tuberculosis (TB). The Greater Jakarta area, as a metropolitan area with high anthropogenic activity and complex meteorological dynamics, is highly susceptible to the accumulation and transport of air pollutants. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in Greater Jakarta, examine the influence of monsoon winds on its distribution patterns, and evaluate its spatial implications for TB incidence. PM2.5 data were obtained from the World Air Quality Index (WAQI) monitoring station and Sentinel-5P TROPOMI image-based estimates using the Random Forest regression method. Pollutant transport patterns were analyzed using the HYSPLIT backward trajectory model. The RMSE, MAE, and R² accuracy results indicate that the performance of the Random Forest model is still low. The RMSE value of 14.296 and MAE value of 12.827 reflect a significant prediction error, while the R² value (0.179) indicates that the model is not yet able to explain the variation in PM2.5 concentrations in the Greater Jakarta area in 2024. With this research, areas that do not have air pollution monitoring stations can still obtain information on the spatial distribution of PM. using continuous remote sensing data. Therefore, this study is expected to support sustainable development (SDGs), particularly Goal 3, which focuses on ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being.


Keywords


Sentinel-5P TROPOMI; HYSPLIT; Random Forest Regression; Tuberkulosis

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/geography.v14i1.37406

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