The Songkok Recca Ethno-STEAM Learning Model in Improving Complex Problem-Solving Skills in Concrete Age Children

Abstract

Abstract: Complex Problem Solving (CPS) is an essential skill required in the workplace, but students' achievements in this aspect are still relatively low, especially in mathematics. This study introduces Etno-STEAM Songkok Recca, an innovative learning model to improve CPS skills in concrete-age children. The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop a valid, practical, and effective Etno-STEAM Songkok Recca model; (2) to explore the philosophical value of Songkok Recca in mathematics learning; and (3) to identify the effects of the Etno-STEAM Songkok Recca model. The research used the R&D method with a Borg & Gall design modified by Sukmadinata, conducted in two elementary schools involving trial, experimental, and control classes. The results showed that the model met the criteria of being highly valid (average score of 3.83–3.88), practical (100% response from teachers and 81.25–95% from students), and effective (N-Gain of the experimental class was 0.72 in the high category, compared to 0.41 in the control class in the moderate category). Therefore, the Songkok Recca Ethno-STEAM model can be an alternative to contextual mathematics learning that not only strengthens cognitive abilities but also instills local cultural values so that the learning process is more meaningful and enjoyable.