Implementation of Inclusive Education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: A Literature Review of Teacher Perceptions and Learning Practices

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to examine the implementation of inclusive education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) by reviewing teacher perceptions and learning practices through a library research approach with an integrative literature review method. This study synthesized literature from various reputable sources such as Google Scholar, Scispace, DOAJ, and Scopus published between 2015 and 2024. Inclusion criteria included articles that were relevant, peer-reviewed, and available in full text. The analysis was conducted using thematic methods to identify key themes covering teacher perceptions, learning strategies, supporting policies and implementation challenges. The results show that teachers' perceptions of inclusive education are influenced by professional competence, infrastructure support and proper conceptual understanding. Successful implementation is largely determined by education policy integration, continuous training and multi-stakeholder collaboration. This research highlights the importance of a holistic approach in realizing effective inclusive education in MI. The findings contribute to the development of policies and teacher training programs and open opportunities for further research on inclusive education implementation strategies in 3T areas in Indonesia.