Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr.) sebagai Respon Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair dan NPK

Ediwirman Ediwirman Edi, Ermawati Ermawati erma, Anggi Julian Anggi Anggi

Abstract


Kedelai merupakan komoditas strategis dalam sistem pangan nasional, namun produktivitasnya di lahan kering masih rendah akibat keterbatasan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh tunggal dan gabungan pupuk organik cair (POC) dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan kering pada April–Juli 2024 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas tiga konsentrasi POC (0, 25, dan 50 mL L⁻¹) serta tiga dosis NPK (0, 150, dan 300 kg ha⁻¹). Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakter pertumbuhan vegetatif, jumlah bintil akar efektif, serta komponen hasil berupa karakteristik polong dan biomassa biji. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam yang dilanjutkan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi nyata antara POC dan NPK pada seluruh variabel pengamatan. Pemberian NPK 150 kg ha⁻¹ merupakan dosis optimal dalam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah bintil akar efektif, dan bobot biji kering per tanaman. Sebaliknya, POC berbahan C. glomerata belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kedelai.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adjei-Nsiah, S., Frimpong, F., Owusu Danquah, E., & Abaidoo, R. C. (2022). Nitrogen fertilization effects on nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). Rhizosphere, 22, 100520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100520

Ahmed, M., Hasan, M., Rahman, M. M., & Islam, M. R. (2023). Algal biomass-derived biofertilizers: Composition, soil interaction, and crop productivity enhancement. Journal of Applied Phycology, 35(4), 2149–2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-023-02941-7

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik Tanaman Pangan Indonesia 2020--2024. BPS Republik Indonesia.

Chen, X., Cui, Z., Fan, M., & Vitousek, P. (2021). Integrated soil�crop system management for food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(3), e2020784118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020784118

Ediwirman, E. E., Ermawati, E. E., & Andini, D. D. (2025). The growth and yield response of several maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes against the application of bioslurry liquid fertilizer. Jurnal Agrotek Ummat, 12(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.31764/jau.v12i1.28336

Fageria, N. K., & Baligar, V. C. (2020). Nitrogen management in crop production. Advances in Agronomy, 163, 1–46.

Fageria, N. K., Baligar, V. C., & Heinemann, A. B. (2020). Nutrient uptake and use efficiency in soybean production. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 51(8), 1095–1110. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2020.1744647

Fernandes, A. R., Silva, E. C., & Costa, L. M. (2025). Nutrient management strategies to improve legume productivity under marginal soils. Field Crops Research, 312, 109456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109456

Fitriani, R., Nurhayati, & Suryadi, A. (2020). Pengaruh pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia, 48(2), 123–130.

Havlin, J. L., Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L., & Beaton, J. D. (2020). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. Pearson.

Hawkesford, M. J., Horst, W., Kichey, T., Lambers, H., Schjoerring, J. K., Møller, I. M., & White, P. J. (2021). Functions of macronutrients. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 72, 557–587.

Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2024). Outlook Kedelai Nasional.

Krawczuk, A., W�jcik-Gront, E., & Cichy-Szydlowska, K. (2023). Organic fertilizers and soil microorganisms: Implications for nutrient availability and sustainable agriculture. Soil Systems, 7(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7010018

Kumar, A., Singh, R., Sharma, P., & Verma, S. (2023). Effects of nutrient management on crop productivity and soil properties. Agronomy, 13(5), 1234–1246. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051234

Li, X., & others. (2024). Nutrition and utilization of soybean as a protein source and for industry. Journal of Soybean Research, XX(XX), XX--XX.

Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Chen, L. (2024). Integrated nutrient management improves soybean productivity and soil health under marginal land conditions. Field Crops Research, 302, 109137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109137

Luo, S., Yu, H., Liu, W., & Zhang, D. (2023). Intercropping systems enhance land use efficiency and yield stability of soybean-based cropping systems. Agricultural Systems, 217, 103433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2023.103433

Marschner, P. (2020). Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (4th ed.). Academic Press.

Rahman, M. M., Ahmed, M., Hasan, M., & Hossain, M. A. (2023). Seaweed- and algae-based biostimulants: Mechanisms and agronomic benefits. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1189421. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1189421

Salvagiotti, Fernando and Cassman, Kenneth G. and Specht, James E. and Walters, Daniel T. and Weiss, Albert and Dobermann, A. (2020). Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to fertilization in soybean. Field Crops Research, 256, 107912.

Samekto, R., Widyastuti, S. M., & Kushendarto. (2020). Nitrogen uptake and nodulation response of soybean to inorganic fertilization. Biodiversitas, 21(4), 1537–1543. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210421

Setyaningrum, R., Prasetyo, B., & Hidayat, R. (2024). Soil fertility constraints and sustainable nutrient management for soybean production in tropical dryland. Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 21(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.74123

Sinaga, D., Sitompul, S. M., & Heddy, Y. B. S. (2020). Respons tanaman kedelai terhadap pemupukan nitrogen dan fosfor. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 8(6), 612–620.

Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2022). Plant Physiology and Development (7th ed.). Sinauer Associates.

Tiwari, P., Singh, R., & Kumar, S. (2024). Precision agriculture technologies for sustainable legume production under climate variability. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46864-6_1

Vance, C. P., Uhde-Stone, C., & Allan, D. L. (2021). Phosphorus acquisition and use: Critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 72, 557–587. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100307

Wang, Y., Lu, J., Ren, T., Hussain, S., Guo, C., Wang, S., Cong, R., & Li, X. (2020). Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of soybean. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(6), 1510–1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62860-5

Zhong, Y., & Zhong, X. (2024a). Algal-based fertilizers and biostimulants: Advances, challenges, and future prospects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140588

Zhong, Y., & Zhong, Z. (2024b). Effects of algal-based liquid organic fertilizer on fertilizer efficiency and land degradation. Sustainable Agriculture, XX(XX), XX--XX.

Zörb, C., Senbayram, M., & Peiter, E. (2021). Potassium in agriculture--status and perspectives. Journal of Plant Physiology, 258--259, 153390.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/kjpm.v3i1.37316

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.