Menganalisis Evolusi Instruksi Menulis Bahasa Inggris: Peran Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
Abstract
Abstract: Project-Based Learning (PBL) has evolved as an innovative method in the teaching of English writing. This study aims to trace the evolution of writing instruction by highlighting the role of PjBL through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach of more than 30 studies published between 2015 and 2025. The studies analyzed were selected based on their relevance to the teaching of English writing using PjBL, while those that did not focus on writing skills or lacked methodological clarity were excluded. The analysis showed that PjBL significantly improved students' writing skills-particularly in the aspects of idea organization, content development, and vocabulary acquisition-and boosted motivation and confidence in writing. However, there were variations in results across levels of education and types of projects used, suggesting that the effectiveness of PjBL is highly contextualized. Common challenges include teacher readiness, limited resources, and difficulty aligning projects with the curriculum. Therefore, this study recommends concrete steps such as the development of a modular and level-appropriate PjBL implementation framework, focused teacher training, and the use of digital technology in collaborative writing tasks to optimize its implementation in the classroom.
Abstrak: Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project-Based Learning/PjBL) telah berkembang sebagai metode inovatif dalam pengajaran menulis bahasa Inggris. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri evolusi instruksi menulis dengan menyoroti peran PjBL melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap lebih dari 30 studi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 hingga 2025. Studi-studi yang dianalisis dipilih berdasarkan relevansi dengan pengajaran menulis bahasa Inggris menggunakan PjBL, sementara penelitian yang tidak menitikberatkan pada keterampilan menulis atau tidak memiliki kejelasan metodologis dikecualikan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa PjBL secara signifikan meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa terutama dalam aspek organisasi ide, pengembangan isi, dan penguasaan kosakata serta mendorong motivasi dan kepercayaan diri dalam menulis. Namun, terdapat variasi hasil antar jenjang pendidikan dan jenis proyek yang digunakan, menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas PjBL sangat kontekstual. Tantangan umum meliputi kesiapan guru, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan kesulitan menyelaraskan proyek dengan kurikulum. Oleh karena itu, studi ini merekomendasikan langkah konkret seperti pengembangan kerangka implementasi PjBL yang modular dan sesuai jenjang, pelatihan guru yang terfokus, serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital dalam tugas menulis kolaboratif untuk mengoptimalkan penerapannya di kelas.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/pendekar.v8i2.30465
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