Indigenous Cultural Education through Mapag Tamu: Intergenerational Transmission of Moral Values and Cultural Identity

Abstract

Abstract: This study examines how Mapag Tamu transmits cultural knowledge, moral values, social norms, and cultural identity across generations through participation, observation, modeling, and direct involvement. This study is important because modernization and tourism development may affect the continuity of local cultural practices as well as the intergenerational transmission of moral values and cultural identity. The study employed an ethnographic design. Data were collected through participant observation and semi-structured interviews with customary leaders, tourism-village managers, and cultural arts practitioners selected through snowball sampling. The data collection instruments consisted of field observation notes and a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis conducted inductively by comparing observed practices with participants’ explanations and identifying the educational meanings embedded within them. The findings reveal three main points. First, Mapag Tamu functions as an experiential learning environment that transmits the values of respect, sincerity, responsibility, hospitality, and social harmony through ritual practices, symbols, communication, music, dance, and pencak silat. Second, the involvement of younger generations as musicians, dancers, committee members, and hosts enables observation, imitation, guided practice, and repeated participation with elders, thereby strengthening cultural competence, pride, a sense of belonging, and intergenerational continuity. Third, tourism development has mainly encouraged adjustments in presentation and duration, while cultural meanings, customary rules, and sacred elements remain preserved. These findings highlight the contribution of Mapag Tamu as a community-based cultural education practice that enables the intergenerational transmission of values and cultural identity to continue while adapting to social change.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana Mapag Tamu mentransmisikan pengetahuan budaya, nilai-nilai moral, norma sosial, dan identitas budaya lintas generasi melalui partisipasi, observasi, pemodelan, dan keterlibatan langsung. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena modernisasi dan perkembangan pariwisata dapat memengaruhi keberlanjutan praktik budaya lokal serta proses transmisi nilai moral dan identitas budaya antargenerasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain etnografi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif dan wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan tokoh adat, pengelola desa wisata, dan praktisi seni budaya yang dipilih melalui teknik snowball sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa catatan lapangan observasi dan pedoman wawancara semi-terstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik interpretatifsecara induktif dengan membandingkan praktik yang diamati dengan penjelasan partisipan serta mengidentifikasi makna-makna pendidikan yang terkandung di dalamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga temuan utama. Pertama, Mapag Tamu berfungsi sebagai lingkungan pembelajaran berbasis pengalaman yang mentransmisikan nilai rasa hormat, ketulusan, tanggung jawab, keramahan, dan harmoni sosial melalui praktik ritual, simbol, komunikasi, musik, tari, dan pencak silat. Kedua, keterlibatan generasi muda sebagai pemusik, penari, panitia, dan penerima tamu memungkinkan berlangsungnya observasi, imitasi, praktik terbimbing, dan partisipasi berulang bersama para tetua, sehingga memperkuat kompetensi budaya, kebanggaan, rasa memiliki, dan keberlanjutan antargenerasi. Ketiga, perkembangan pariwisata terutama mendorong penyesuaian pada penyajian dan durasi, sementara makna, aturan adat, dan unsur sakral tetap dipertahankan. Temuan ini menegaskan kontribusi Mapag Tamu sebagai praktik pendidikan budaya berbasis komunitas yang memungkinkan transmisi nilai dan identitas budaya lintas generasi tetap berlangsung sekaligus beradaptasi dengan perubahan sosial.