Efektivitas Peninjauan Obat yang Dipimpin Apoteker dalam Mengurangi Masalah Terkait Obat di Kalangan Pasien Polifarmasi: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review

Fatin Putri Ramadani, Nursela Hijriani, Esa Maudya Nazira

Abstract


Polifarmasi meningkatkan risiko masalah terkait obat (drug-related problem atau DRP), sehingga memandang pengobatan yang dipimpin oleh apoteker menjadi strategi penting untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan obat dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas pengobatan yang dipimpin oleh apoteker dalam mengurangi DRP pada pasien polifarmasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) deskriptif-kualitatif yang mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Literatur diperoleh dari Google Scholar, Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Elicit, Scite.ai, dan SciSpace. Studi yang memenuhi kriteria meliputi penelitian orisinal dan observasi sistematis yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2016 dan 2025, tersedia dalam bahasa Inggris atau Indonesia, memiliki akses teks lengkap, serta relevan dengan topik observasi pengobatan yang dipimpin oleh apoteker pada pasien polifarmasi. Bukti yang disintesis menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan pengobatan yang dipimpin oleh apoteker efektif mengurangi DRP melalui identifikasi dini masalah terkait obat, memberikan rekomendasi klinis, dan optimalisasi farmakoterapi. Intervensi ini juga meningkatkan kualitas peresepan dan keselamatan penggunaan obat. Namun efektivitasnya dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik pasien, kompleksitas terapi, kolaborasi antarprofesi, kompetensi klinis apoteker, serta dukungan teknologi. Tinjauan pengobatan yang dipimpin oleh apoteker merupakan intervensi farmasi klinis yang efektif untuk mengurangi DRP pada pasien dengan polifarmasi. Penguatan layanan pandangan pengobatan yang terintegrasi dapat meningkatkan keselamatan pasien dan mendorong penggunaan obat yang rasional dalam berbagai tatanan pelayanan kesehatan.

Keywords


Polifarmasi; Telaah Obat; Masalah Terkait Obat; Intervensi Apoteker.

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