Sistem Afiksasi dan Pemajemukan dalam Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi di Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah: Sebuah Dokumentasi Morfologi Berbasis Lapangan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan sistem afiksasi dan pemajemukan dalam Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi di Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah, sebagai bentuk dokumentasi linguistik atas bahasa daerah yang mengalami tekanan pergeseran fungsi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain dokumentasi linguistik lapangan (field-based linguistic documentation). Data bersumber dari tuturan lisan enam penutur asli berusia 35–55 tahun di Desa Limboro yang dihimpun melalui teknik simak libat cakap, wawancara, serta rekam dan catat, kemudian dianalisis dengan metode padan referensial dan metode agih beserta teknik Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa afiksasi verba direalisasikan melalui prefiks {ma-}, {mo-}, {ne-}, {no-}, dan {ni-} serta sufiks dan konfiks yang memarkahi aspek, valensi, dan relasi semantis tindakan; nominalisasi ditandai prefiks {to-}, {togi-}, dan {po-} serta konfiks {ka+an} dan {no+ka} yang membentuk makna pelaku, hasil, dan keadaan; pada adjektiva dan adverbia, prefiks {na-} berperilaku fleksibel lintas kategori dengan konfiks {ka--na} sebagai pemarkah intensitas superlatif; sementara pemajemukan memperlihatkan pola endosentrik dan eksosentrik yang tidak sekadar struktural, melainkan juga mengandung makna idiomatik dan representasi konseptual penutur. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi memiliki sistem morfologi yang produktif, sistematis, dan masih aktif digunakan di tengah tekanan perubahan bahasa, sehingga berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian morfologi Austronesia dan penguatan dokumentasi bahasa daerah.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/telaah.v11i2.41120
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