Efektifitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Ada banyak kasus resistensi bakteri karena penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat. Ini akan menyebabkan meluasnya resistensi. Staphylococcus aureus telah diketahui resisten terhadap antibiotik golongan penisilin. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengobatan alternatif dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan alami. Daun pegagan (Centella asiatica) mengandung senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, fenol, saponin dan steroid yang bersifat antibakteri karena dapat merusak dinding sel bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas antibakteri ekstrak daun pegagan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan metode difusi cara cakram. Daun pegagan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 90% sebagai pelarut. Ekstrak pegagan yang telah dibuat kemudian diencerkan menggunakan aquades steril pada konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. Kontrol positif menggunakan amphicilin 10 µg dan kontrol negatif menggunakan aquades steril. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun pegagan  dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100% memiliki rata-rata diameter zona hambat terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 15 mm, 17,6 mm, 20 mm, 21,6 mm, dan 25 mm. Kontrol positif (ampicilin 10 µg) sebesar 40 mm dan kontrol negatif (aquades steril ) sebesar 0 mm. Ekstrak pegagan pada konsentrasi 60%, 80% dan 100% efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sedangkan konsentrasi 20% dan 40% tidak efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

Kata kunci : Efektifitas; Ekstrak daun pegagan; Staphylococcus aureus.

ABSTRACT

There are many cases of bacterial resistance due to inappropriate use of antibiotics. This will cause widespread resistance. Staphylococcus aureus has been known to be resistant to penicillin class antibiotics. Therefore it is necessary to do alternative medicine using natural ingredients. Pegagan (Centella asiatica) leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, phenol, saponins and steroid which are antibacterial because they can damage bacterial cell walls. This study aims to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of pegagan leaf extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This type of research is an experimental study with the disc diffusion method. Pegagan leaves were extracted by maceration method using 90% ethanol as solvent. The pegagan extract that had been made was then diluted using sterile distilled water at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. Positive control used 10 µg amphicillin and negative control used sterile distilled water. The results showed that the pegagan leaf extract with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% had an average diameter of the inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus of 15 mm, 17.6 mm, 20 mm, 21.6 mm, and 25 mm. The positive control (ampicillin 10 µg) was 40 mm and the negative control (sterile distilled water) was 0 mm. Pegagan extract at concentrations of 60%, 80% and 100% was effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, while concentrations of 20% and 40% were not effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Keywords : effective; pegagan leaf extract; Staphylococcus aureus.