Bentuk Pelaksanaan Tradisi Perang Topat pada Masyarakat Sasak : Studi Etnografi

Maemunah Maemunah, Abdul Sakban, Firdaus Firdaus

Abstract


Tradisi Perang Topat merupakan praktik budaya masyarakat Sasak di Kecamatan Lingsar, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, yang mempertemukan komunitas Islam Sasak dan Hindu Bali dalam satu ruang ritual. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk pelaksanaan tradisi Perang Topat serta makna sosial yang terkandung dalam setiap tahapannya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi etnografi. Data diperoleh melalui observasi langsung pada pelaksanaan Perang Topat, wawancara tidak terstruktur dengan tokoh adat, pemuka agama, masyarakat lokal, pemuda adat, dan pihak pemerintah daerah, serta dokumentasi kegiatan ritual. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dengan triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Perang Topat terdiri atas tahap persiapan atau pra-upacara, pembukaan dan ritual awal, prosesi puncak saling lempar ketupat, penutup, dan ritual pasca-upacara. Tahap persiapan menampilkan gotong royong lintas komunitas, ritual awal memperlihatkan penghormatan terhadap keyakinan yang berbeda, sedangkan prosesi puncak merepresentasikan transformasi makna perang menjadi simbol persaudaraan, berkah, dan kesuburan. Tradisi ini juga melibatkan tokoh adat, tokoh agama, masyarakat, pemuda, dan pemerintah daerah sebagai aktor pendukung keberlanjutan budaya. Diskusi menunjukkan bahwa Perang Topat berfungsi sebagai praktik ritual integratif yang mereproduksi nilai toleransi, solidaritas, dan rasa memiliki bersama.

The Perang Topat tradition is a cultural practice of the Sasak people in Lingsar District, West Lombok Regency, which brings together the Sasak Muslim and Balinese Hindu communities in one ritual space. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Perang Topat tradition and the social meanings contained in each stage. The study used a qualitative approach with ethnographic studies. Data were obtained through direct observation of the Perang Topat implementation, unstructured interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, local communities, indigenous youth, and local government officials, and documentation of ritual activities. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions using source and technique triangulation. The results show that the Perang Topat implementation consists of a preparation or pre-ceremony stage, an opening and initial ritual, a peak procession of throwing ketupat (rice cakes), a closing, and a post-ceremony ritual. The preparation stage displays mutual cooperation across communities, the initial ritual shows respect for different beliefs, while the peak procession represents the transformation of the meaning of war into a symbol of brotherhood, blessings, and fertility. This tradition also involves traditional leaders, religious leaders, the community, youth, and local government as actors supporting cultural sustainability. The discussion shows that the Topat War functions as an integrative ritual practice that reproduces the values of tolerance, solidarity, and a sense of shared belonging


Keywords


Perang Topat; Masyarakat Sasak; Tradisi Lokal; Toleransi Antaragama; Kearifan Lokal

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/civicus.v14i1.40608

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