Konstruksi Hukum Perlindungan Anak Pasca Perceraian: Perspektif Normatif dan Implementatif
Abstract
Perlindungan anak pasca perceraian merupakan isu hukum yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan hak asuh, tetapi juga keberlanjutan pemenuhan hak anak setelah berakhirnya hubungan perkawinan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi hukum perlindungan anak pasca perceraian dari perspektif normatif dan implementatif. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yuridis-empiris dengan melibatkan sepuluh informan yang terdiri atas hakim pengadilan agama, kepala desa, orang tua atau wali, dan anak. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, analisis dokumen, dan diskusi kelompok terarah, kemudian dianalisis melalui pengumpulan, penyajian, verifikasi, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konstruksi perlindungan hukum anak bersifat berlapis dan mencakup instrumen internasional, peraturan nasional, hukum keluarga, dan nilai hukum Islam. Perlindungan tersebut mencakup hak atas pengasuhan, hubungan dengan kedua orang tua, nafkah, pendidikan, kesehatan, identitas, partisipasi, kesejahteraan, serta perlindungan dari kekerasan, penelantaran, eksploitasi, dan stigmatisasi. Penelitian merumuskan tujuh dimensi utama perlindungan yang menghubungkan pengakuan anak sebagai subjek hak hingga mekanisme pengawasan, pemulihan, dan penegakan hukum. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa keberadaan norma hukum belum cukup tanpa implementasi yang efektif. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan anak pasca perceraian memerlukan kesinambungan tanggung jawab orang tua, dukungan kelembagaan, dan penegakan hukum yang konsisten.
Post-divorce child protection is a legal issue that concerns not only custody but also the continued fulfillment of a child's rights following the dissolution of the parents' marriage. This study aims to analyze the legal framework for post-divorce child protection from both normative and implementation perspectives. It employs a qualitative, socio-legal (juridical-empirical) approach, involving ten informants: religious court judges, village heads, parents or guardians, and children. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, document analysis, and focus group discussions, and subsequently analyzed through data collection, presentation, verification, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the legal framework for child protection is multi-layered, encompassing international instruments, national regulations, family law, and Islamic legal principles. This protection covers rights regarding care, relationships with both parents, financial support, education, health, identity, participation, and well-being, as well as protection against violence, neglect, exploitation, and stigmatization. The study identifies seven key dimensions of protection, ranging from the recognition of the child as a rights-bearing subject to mechanisms for oversight, rehabilitation, and law enforcement. These findings underscore that the existence of legal norms is insufficient without effective implementation. Therefore, post-divorce child protection requires sustained parental responsibility, institutional support, and consistent law enforcement.
Keywords
References
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/civicus.v14i2.43794
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