Effect of Adhesive Concentration on Briquette Characteristics from a Mixture of Cocoa Shells and Groundnut Shells as an Alternative Fuel

Ahmad Akromul Huda; Akbar Tawaqqal; Syarif Hidayatullah; Genta Wirasansir

doi:10.31764/jau.v12i4.34037

Effect of Adhesive Concentration on Briquette Characteristics from a Mixture of Cocoa Shells and Groundnut Shells as an Alternative Fuel

Ahmad Akromul Huda, Akbar Tawaqqal, Syarif Hidayatullah, Genta Wirasansir

Abstract

Agricultural wastes such as cocoa shells and groundnut shells hold significant potential as environmentally friendly alternative energy sources, particularly in West Nusa Tenggara Province, where these commodities are produced in abundance. However, their utilization as biomass energy materials remains limited and underdeveloped. In response to this potential, this study aims to evaluate the effect of varying tapioca starch adhesive concentrations on the characteristics of briquettes made from a mixture of cocoa shell charcoal and peanut shells. The research was conducted experimentally using three adhesive concentrations (10%, 20%, and 30%), with tests performed on calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and flame duration. The results revealed that increasing the adhesive concentration tended to decrease the calorific value and increase both the moisture and ash contents, although it extended the flame duration. The briquettes with 10% adhesive concentration exhibited the best performance, achieving a calorific value of 5,310 cal/g, a moisture content of 7.57%, an ash content of 7.56%, and a flame duration of 73 minutes. These values comply with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for charcoal briquettes, which require a minimum calorific value of 5,000 cal/g, a maximum moisture content of 8%, and a maximum ash content of 8%. These findings highlight the importance of proper adhesive formulation to improve the quality of local biomass-based briquettes and support the transition toward clean and sustainable energy..

Keywords

: agricultural waste; charcoal briquettes; cocoa husk; peanut shell; renewable energy

Full Text:

PDF

References

Adeleke, A. A., Odusote, J. K., Ikubanni, P. P., Olabisi, A. S., & Nzerem, P. (2022). Briquetting of subbituminous coal and torrefied biomass using bentonite as inorganic binder. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12685-5

Andini, R. P., Asra, R., & Adriadi, A. (2021). Pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah kakao terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Agrovigor: Jurnal Agroekoteknologi. https://doi.org/10.21107/agrovigor.v14i2.10205

Ashar, Muh., Sahara, S., & Hernawati, H. (2020). PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KUALITAS BRIKET KULIT DURIAN DAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA. JFT : Jurnal Fisika Dan Terapannya. https://doi.org/10.24252/jft.v7i1.13964

Bot, B. V., Axaopoulos, P. J., Sosso, O. T., Sakellariou, E. I., & Tamba, J. G. (2023). Economic analysis of biomass briquettes made from coconut shells, rattan waste, banana peels and sugarcane bagasse in households cooking. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-022-00508-2

BPS, B. P. S. I. (2023). STATISTIK KAKAO INDONESIA (Indonesian Cocoa Statistics) 2022. https://web-api.bps.go.id/download.php?f=IGnQ+iPyjKU4YRXYNWrj9lEzclpQOTVJTWwzY2NwalpZVGx3RjRXUzRMYktMNERjZElhdERwQnpxZ1NRTVpERFpyTG9odCtpbkdkOHFLZC85TUFZdHNNcmNnTmloc3VCWUpwaGtaZGRleXEvWmZBSEh0ZFgvbVVlWVpDNSs3TFpGS2krR2NIbHhFNGNpaDJORVRycEZ1c2d6TGg5NUFKeH

BPS NTB. (2020). Luas Panen, Produksi, dan Produktivitas Kacang Tanah, 2015. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. https://ntb.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTg0IzI=/luas-panen-produksi-dan-produktivitas-kacang-tanah.html

BPS NTB, P. (2024). Produksi Perkebunan Menurut Kabupaten/Kota dan Jenis Tanaman di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (ribu ton), 2024. Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. https://ntb.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/ZWxKek1URkRaV0kwYlM5T2NHcHRNVkZXTkVkaGR6MDkjMw==/produksi-perkebunan-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-tanaman-di-provinsi-nusa-tenggara-barat--ribu-ton---2020.html?year=2024

Brunerová, A., Roubík, H., Brožek, M., Herák, D., Šleger, V., & Mazancová, J. (2017). Potential of tropical fruit waste biomass for production of bio-briquette fuel: Using Indonesia as an example. Energies. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122119

Chusniyah, D. A., Pratiwi, R., Benyamin, B., & Suliestyah, S. (2022). Uji Kualitas Briket Berbahan Arang Ampas Kelapa Berdasarkan Nilai Kadar Air. JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI. https://doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v7i1.9778

Dewi, R. P., Saputra, T. J., & Purnomo, S. J. (2022). Analisis karakteristik briket arang serbuk gergaji dan tempurung kelapa. 17(1), 1–5.

Dewi, R. P., Saputra, T. J., & Widodo, S. (2021). STUDI POTENSI LIMBAH KULIT KOPI SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI TERBARUKAN DI WILAYAH JAWA TENGAH. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.31002/jom.v5i1.3946

Dinas Pertanian dan Perkebunan, N. (2024). Produksi, Luas Panen dan Produktivitas Kakao berdasarkan Kabupaten/Kota. Dinas Pertanian Dan Perkebunan, NTB. https://data.ntbprov.go.id/dataset/9d31548c-3405-4b5b-80bb-c699d06168c1/show

Elfiano, E., Subekti, P., & Sadil, A. (2014). Analisa Proksimat dan Nilai Kalor pada Briket Bioarang Limbah Ampas Tebu dan Arang Kayu. Jurnal Aptek, 6(1).

Febriani, S. D. A., Kusuma, F. W., Rahmanto, D. E., & Prasetyo, D. A. (2022). Analisis Kualitas Briket Arang Kulit Kacang Tanah Dengan Perekat Biji Nangka. Jurnal Teknik Terapan, 1(2), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.25047/jteta.v1i2.19

Huda, A. A., Fathoni, A., & Aldi, M. J. (2023). Karakteristik Briket Limbah Cangkang Kemiri dengan Perekat Beras Ketan Karakteristik Briket Limbah Cangkang Kemiri dengan Perekat Beras Ketan. R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal, 8(2), 81–86. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.21070/rem.v 8 i2.1 6 7 5

Huda, A. A., Karyanik, K., Muliatiningsih, M., Fathoni, A., & Hakim, A. (2023). Effect of adhesive concentration and particle size on the quality of hazelnut shell briquettes with glutinous rice adhesive. Jurnal Agrotek Ummat. https://doi.org/10.31764/jau.v10i4.19663

Iskandar, N., Nugroho, S., & Feliyana, M. F. (2019). UJI KUALITAS PRODUK BRIKET ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA BERDASARKAN STANDAR MUTU SNI. JURNAL ILMIAH MOMENTUM. https://doi.org/10.36499/jim.v15i2.3073

Kusyanto, K., Rahim, M., Subakir, M. Y., Rahayu, I. E., & Fitriyana, F. (2023). Pemanfaatan Kulit Kacang Tanah Dan Bambu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biobriket Dengan Metode Karbonisasi. DISTILAT: Jurnal Teknologi Separasi, 8(4), 1031–1039. https://doi.org/10.33795/distilat.v8i4.504

Laondi, M. A. (2021). Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel Arang Terhadap Karakteristik Briket Arang Kulit Kakao. Skripsi.

National Standardization Agency. (2000). Standar Nasional Indonesia Briket Arang Kayu. Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia, 1–4.

Nugraha, R. A., & Mirwan, M. (2022). PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT BUAH DURIAN DAN SERBUK GERGAJI MENJADI BRIKET SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF. Jurnal EnviroUs, 2(2), 1–6.

Nurkholis, M. F., & Rizaldi, L. H. (2023). Karakteristik briket ampas tebu ( bagasse ) dari bahan perekat tepung beras ketan Characteristics of bagasse briquettes using glutinous rice flour as adhesive. Agrotek Ummat, 10(1), 1–8.

Priyanto, A., Hantarum, H., & Sudarno, S. (2018). Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Partikel Briket Terhadap Kerapatan, Kadar Air, dan Laju Pembakaran Pada Briket Kayu Sengon. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Terapan.

PT PLN, (Persero). (2025). Co-Firing Biomassa di PLTU PLN Hasilkan 1,67 Juta MWh Listrik Hijau Sepanjang 2024. PT PLN,(Persero). https://web.pln.co.id/media/siaran-pers/2025/02/co-firing-biomassa-di-pltu-pln-hasilkan-167-juta-mwh-listrik-hijau-sepanjang-2024

Putra, B. S., & Hidayat, A. A. (2022). BRIKET DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT DAUN BELIMBING WULUH. J-TETA (Jurnal Teknik Terapan), 1(1), 1–6.

Putri Azmi Millatie, Rahmat Hidayat, Suyono Thamrin, & Lailatul Fajriyah. (2024). Evaluation of Biomass Energy Policy Implementation in Indonesia to National Defense Support. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i4.889

Rosta Natalia Sinaga, & Rosdanelli Hasibuan. (2017). PEMBUATAN BRIKET DARI KULIT KAKAO MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT KULIT UBI KAYU. Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU. https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v6i3.1585

Sunnu, A. K., Adu-Poku, K. A., & Ayetor, G. K. (2023). Production and Characterization of Charred Briquettes from Various Agricultural Waste. Combustion Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2021.1977803

Suprapti, & Ramlah, S. (2013). Pemanfaatan kulit buah kakao untuk briket arang. Jurnal Biopropal Industri, 4(2), 65–72.

Syarif, S., Cahyono, R. B., & Hidayat, M. (2019). Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Kakao Menjadi Briket Arang sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dengan Penambahan Ampas Buah Merah. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. https://doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.41517

Tomen, W. T., Diboma, B. S., Bot, B. V., & Tamba, J. G. (2023). Physical and Combustion properties investigation of hybrid briquettes from tropical Sawdust: Case study of Iroko (Milicia excelsa) and Padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii). Energy Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.006

Velusamy, S., Subbaiyan, A., Murugesan, S. R., Shanmugamoorthy, M., Sivakumar, V., Velusamy, P., Veerasamy, S., Mani, K., Sundararaj, P., & Periyasamy, S. (2022). Comparative Analysis of Agro Waste Material Solid Biomass Briquette for Environmental Sustainability. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3906256

Wahyudi, Y., Amrullah, S., & Oktaviananda, C. (2022). Characteristics of Briquettes Made from Corn Cobs Based on Variations Amount of Adhesive. Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan (JPPL).

Wahyusi, K. N., Dewati, R., Ragilia, R. putri, & Kharisma, T. (2012). Briket Arang Kulit Kacang Tanah Dengan Proses Karbonisasi. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 6(2), 70–73.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jau.v12i4.34037