Pengaruh Polaritas Pelarut terhadap Profil Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Kamboja Putih (Plumeria alba L.)

Anita Dwi Puspitasari, Amira Sri Wulandari

Abstract


Daun kamboja putih (Plumeria alba L.) mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Kadar senyawa tersebut dipengaruhi oleh jenis pelarut ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil fitokimia (kadar fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin total) serta aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol 70%, etanol 96%, metanol, dan etil asetat daun kamboja putih. Serbuk daun diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Kadar senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, dan tanin total diukur secara spektrofotometri, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode ABTS. Data dianalisis secara statistik. Profil fitokimia menunjukkan kadar fenolik total berturut-turut sebesar 72,56; 89,30; 220,48; dan 108,65 mgGAE/gram ekstrak untuk etanol 70%, etanol 96%, metanol, dan etil asetat. Kadar flavonoid total berturut-turut 1,62; 3,89; 10,51; dan 7,64 mgQE/gram ekstrak, sedangkan kadar tanin total 37,71; 42,14; 43,25; dan 99,02 mgTAE/gram ekstrak. Aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) ekstrak etanol 70%, etanol 96%, metanol, dan etil asetat berturut-turut 95,37; 85,31; 58,87; dan 73,59 µg/mL. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan pelarut mempengaruhi profil fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak metanol memberikan kadar fenolik (220,48 mgGAE/gram ekstrak) dan flavonoid total (10,51 mgQE/gram ekstrak) tertinggi yang berkorelasi dengan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik (IC50 58,87 µg/mL). Pelarut etil asetat paling optimal untuk mengekstrak tanin (99,02 mgTAE/gram ekstrak) dari daun kamboja putih.


Keywords


Antioksidan; Fenolik; Flavonoid; Tanin; Plumeria alba L

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/lf.v7i2.38463

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