Pemberdayaan lansia penderita hipertensi dalam pengaturan diet rendah garam menggunakan DASH (Dietary Approach To Stop Hypertension) di puskesmas Tajinan kabupaten Malang

Abstract

Abstrak

Hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan dimana meningkatnya darah sistolik berada diatas batas normal yaitu lebih dari 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg. Asupan garam yang tinggi dapat dikaitkan dengan risiko hipertensi dan membatasi asupan garam telah diusulkan untuk menjadi metode pencegahan hipertensi. Tujuan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia tentang diet rendah garam menggunakan DASH (Dietary  Approach  to Stop Hypertension) dan meningkatkan kemampuan lansia dalam pemilihan bahan pengganti garam di kelompok Prolanis Puskesmas Tajinan Kabupaten Malang. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PkM pada waktu materi adalah dalam bentuk ceramah dan Focus Group Discussion, dilanjutkan dengan demonstrasi tentang pemilihan bahan pengganti garam. Kegiatan PkM telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 20 – 22 Mei 2024 bertempat di aula Puskesmas Tajinan dengan jumlah peserta adalah 25 lansia penderita hipertensi. Pengukuran tingkat pengetahuan lansia melalui pengisian kuesioner pre-test dan post-test oleh lansia, sedangkan pengukuran kemampuan lansia melalui penilaian observasi kegiatan redemonstrasi lansia dalam memilih bahan pengganti garam yang telah disiapkan oleh tim pengabdi. Hasil nilai rata-rata pre-test 56,95 dan pos-test 83,64, hasil penilaian redemostrasi 100% lansia mampu melakukan pemilihan bahan pengganti garam. Peningkatan nilai rata-rata pre-test ke post-test menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini memberikan manfaat bagi para peserta. Oleh sebab itu pemberian edukasi kesehatan kepada para lansia penderita Hipertensi dan keluarganya perlu untuk dilaksanakan secara berkala, agar tekanan darah para lansia penderita Hipertensi dapat terkontrol dengan baik.

Kata kunci: DASH; diet rendah garam; hipertensi; lansia.

Abstract

Hypertension is a condition where the increase in systolic blood pressure is above the normal limit, namely more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is more than 90 mmHg. High salt intake may be associated with the risk of hypertension and limiting salt intake has been proposed to be a method of preventing hypertension. The aim of this community service activity is to increase the elderly's knowledge about a low salt diet using DASH (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) and increase the ability of the elderly in selecting salt substitutes in the Prolanis group at the Tajinan Health Center, Malang Regency. The method for implementing community service activities during the material is in the form of lectures and Focus Group Discussions, followed by a demonstration on selecting salt substitute materials. Community service activities were carried out on 20 – 22 May 2024 at the Tajinan Community Health Center hall with the number of participants being 25 elderly people with hypertension. Measuring the level of knowledge of the elderly through filling out pre-test and post-test questionnaires by the elderly, while measuring the ability of the elderly through assessing the observation of elderly demonstration activities in selecting salt substitutes that have been prepared by the service team. The average pre-test score was 56.95 and post-test 83.64, the results of the redemostration assessment were 100% of the elderly were able to choose salt substitutes. The increase in the average score from pre-test to post-test shows that this activity provides benefits for the participants. Therefore, providing health education to elderly people suffering from hypertension and their families needs to be carried out regularly, so that the blood pressure of elderly people suffering from hypertension can be well controlled.

Keywords: DASH; elderly; hypertension; low salt diet.