Peningkatan keterampilan deteksi dini sarkopenia pada lansia di kelurahan pejanggik Kota Mataram

Abstract

Abstrak

Menurunnya kemampuan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari pada lanjut usia dipicu oleh melemahnya kapasitas otot, sementara pemeriksaan kapasitas otot di Posyandu Lansia belum pernah dilakukan karena keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan. Berdasarkan analisis situasi, keluarga dan lanjut usia belum memahami gangguan otot pada masa lanjut usia, sehingga berisiko terjadi gangguan aktivitas sehari-hari dan jatuh. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memberikan pengetahuan mengenai kekuatan otot; (2) meningkatkan keterampilan lansia dalam deteksi dini kekuatan otot; serta (3) memperkenalkan deteksi dini bagi lansia berisiko jatuh. Metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan meliputi penyuluhan (sosialisasi), pelatihan, dan pendampingan selama dua minggu di Sekolah Lansia GEMPUR SMART Kelurahan Pejanggik Kota Mataram, bekerja sama dengan Puskesmas setempat. Pada tahap persiapan, dilakukan identifikasi permasalahan lansia melalui wawancara langsung. Tahap pelaksanaan mencakup pemberian materi terkait pengenalan kekuatan otot, pengenalan kekuatan ekstensi lutut, latihan ketahanan, latihan getaran seluruh tubuh, dan latihan campuran (keseimbangan serta daya tahan), yang disampaikan selama tiga hari secara intensif. Peserta (35 orang lanjut usia) juga dilibatkan dalam praktik langsung, diskusi, dan tanya jawab. Tahap evaluasi dilakukan dengan pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan lansia. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 5,19 poin dan peningkatan keterampilan lansia sebesar 51,44 poin dalam mendeteksi Sarkopenia. Dengan demikian, lansia mampu melakukan deteksi dini secara mandiri serta meningkatkan kekuatan otot, sehingga potensi gangguan aktivitas dan risiko jatuh dapat diminimalkan.

Kata Kunci: sarkopenia; edukasi; lansia; ketrampilan

Abstract

The decline in the elderly’s ability to perform daily activities is triggered by weakened muscle capacity. Muscle capacity assessments have never been carried out at the elderly community health service (Posyandu Lansia) due to limited healthcare personnel. Based on the situational analysis, elderly individuals and their families lack knowledge about age-related muscle disorders, leading to increased risks of impaired daily activities and falls. This community service aimed to: (1) provide knowledge regarding muscle strength; (2) enhance the skills of the elderly in early detection of muscle strength disorders; and (3) introduce early detection strategies for elderly individuals at risk of falls. The methods included education (socialization), practical training, and mentoring conducted over two weeks at the GEMPUR SMART Elderly School in Pejanggik Village, Mataram City, in collaboration with the local Community Health Center (Puskesmas). In the preparation stage, direct interviews were conducted with elderly participants to identify issues. The implementation stage involved delivering intensive materials on muscle strength identification, knee extension strength, resistance training, whole-body vibration exercises, and combined exercises (balance and endurance) over a three-day period. The 35 elderly participants engaged actively through practical sessions, discussions, and question-answer interactions. Evaluation was conducted through pre-test and post-test assessments to measure improvements in knowledge and skills. Results showed an increase in knowledge by 5.19 points and skills by 51.44 points regarding the detection of Sarcopenia. Consequently, elderly participants could independently perform early detection and enhance muscle strength, thus minimizing the risk of impaired daily activities and falls.

Keywords: sarkopenia; education; elderly; skills