Deteksi dini status gizi melalui pemeriksaan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan skrining penyakit tidak menular pada lansia

Abstract

Abstrak

Kelompok lansia merupakan populasi yang sangat rentan terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan, termasuk malnutrisi dan penyakit tidak menular (PTM) seperti hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan dislipidemia. Deteksi dini terhadap perubahan komposisi tubuh dan faktor risiko PTM penting dilakukan guna mencegah komplikasi dan menurunkan beban penyakit pada kelompok usia ini.
Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melakukan deteksi dini status gizi menggunakan alat Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) serta melakukan skrining PTM (tekanan darah, gula darah, dan asam urat) pada lansia di posyandu lansia kebon bibit diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Hajimena, Lampung. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pemeriksaan langsung dan edukasi hasil skrining. Sasaran kegiatan adalah 40 orang lansia yang aktif mengikuti posyandu lansia. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dapat meningkatkan kesadaran lansia akan pentingnya pemantauan status gizi dan kesehatan secara berkala. Hasil skrining PTM berdasarkan tekanan darah menunjukkan sebagian besar lansia dengan kategori pre hipertensi sebanyak 14 orang (35%), kadar gula darah sewaktu (GDS) dalam kategori normal sebanyak 32 orang (80%) dan pemeriksaan asam urat kategori tinggi sebanyak 24 orang (60%). Pemeriksaan menggunakan BIA didapatkan nilai IMT sebagian besar responden kategori obesitas sebanyak 18 orang (45%), lemak tubuh kategori sangat tinggi sebanyak 29 orang (72.5%), lemak visceral kategori normal sebanyak 27 orang (67.5%) dan massa otot kategori rendah sebanyak 28 orang (70%).  Penggunaan metode BIA dan skrining penyakit tidak menular dapat mendeteksi permasalahan gizi serta faktor risiko PTM. Program ini memperkuat tindakan promotif dan preventif dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang dapat dilakukan oleh petugas kesehatan seperti bidan desa.

Kata kunci: deteksi dini; status gizi; BIA; Penyakit tidak menular; lansia.

Abstract

The elderly are a population that is highly vulnerable to various health problems, including malnutrition and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Early detection of changes in body composition and NCD risk factors is important in order to prevent complications and reduce the burden of disease in this age group. This community service activity aims to conduct early detection of nutritional status using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and screening for NCDs (blood pressure, blood sugar, and uric acid) in the elderly at the Kebon Bibit elderly health center in the Hajimena Community Health Center working area. The methods used included direct examination and screening result education. The target of the activity was 40 elderly people who actively participated in the elderly health center. This community service activity can increase the awareness of the elderly about the importance of regular monitoring of nutritional status and health. The results of the PTM screening based on blood pressure showed that most elderly people were in the pre-hypertension category, with 14 people (35%), while 32 people (80%) had normal blood sugar levels (GDS) and 24 people (60%) had high uric acid levels. The BIA examination found that most respondents were obese, with 18 people (45%) in the obese category, 29 people (72.5%) in the very high body fat category, 27 people (67.5%) in the normal visceral fat category, and 28 people (70%) in the low muscle mass category.  The use of the BIA method and non-communicable disease screening can detect nutritional problems and NCD risk factors. This program strengthens promotive and preventive actions in health services that can be carried out by health workers such as village midwives.

Keywords: early detection; nutritional status; BIA; non-communicable diseases; elderly.