Pemberdayaan kader kesehatan dalam pendampingan screening dan monitoring Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) pada penderita diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Abstrak

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat (PkM) berjudul “Pemberdayaan Kader Kesehatan dalam Pendampingan Screening dan Monitoring Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus” dilaksanakan di Desa Pandansari, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan guna meningkatkan kapasitas kader dalam deteksi dini komplikasi Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAD) pada pasien DM. Angka penderita Diabetes Mellitus (DM) di Desa Pandansari cukup tinggi, namun pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai deteksi dini komplikasi penyakit arteri perifer (PAD) masih rendah. Meskipun kader kesehatan telah aktif di posyandu dan posbindu, mereka belum memiliki keterampilan khusus dalam mendampingi screening serta monitoring Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Permasalahan mitra meliputi tingginya jumlah penderita DM, rendahnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang deteksi dini PAD, serta keterbatasan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sistem pendampingan kader dalam melakukan screening dan monitoring ABI. Program dilaksanakan melalui edukasi tentang DM dan komplikasinya, pelatihan teknis pemeriksaan ABI, serta pembekalan pencatatan hasil secara sistematis. Evaluasi melalui pretest dan posttest menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan kader sebesar 45,45% (dari skor 55,00 menjadi 80,00) dan peningkatan keterampilan praktik sebesar 42,22% (dari 56,25 menjadi 80,00). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan PkM efektif meningkatkan kompetensi kader sebagai agen edukasi dan pendamping dalam pencegahan komplikasi DM di tingkat komunitas.

Kata kunci: diabetes mellitus; kader kesehatan; penyakit arteri perifer; screening dan monitoring; Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI).

Abstract

The Community Partnership Program (PkM) entitled “Empowering Community Health Volunteers in Assisting the Screening and Monitoring of the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus” was implemented in Pandansari Village, Poncokusumo Subdistrict, Malang Regency. This program aimed to enhance the capacity of community health volunteers in the early detection of complications related to Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) among patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The prevalence of DM in Pandansari Village is relatively high; however, community awareness regarding the early detection of PAD complications remains low. Although community health volunteers are actively involved in integrated health services (posyandu and posbindu), they lack specific skills in assisting with ABI screening and monitoring. The partner-related problems included the high number of DM cases, limited community knowledge regarding early PAD detection, and insufficient knowledge, skills, and structured mentoring systems among volunteers for conducting ABI screening and monitoring. The program was conducted through health education on DM and its complications, technical training on ABI measurement, and capacity building in systematic documentation of examination results. Evaluation using pretest and posttest demonstrated a 45.45% increase in volunteers’ knowledge (from a mean score of 55.00 to 80.00) and a 42.22% improvement in practical skills (from 56.25 to 80.00). These findings indicate that the program was effective in improving volunteers’ competencies as educators and facilitators in preventing DM complications at the community level.

Keywords: diabetes mellitus; community health volunteers; peripheral artery disease; screening and monitoring; Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI).