Plant survey analisis risiko pada UKM produksi pangan lokal

Ita Marlita Sari, M Kaamil Azzami, Syahla Akhwazain, Zahra Adinda P, Ria Novian Ifany S, Alya Nur Amalina, Shakila Nur Khalisa, Dina Lutfia Safitri, Putri Hidayat, Ratu Annisa Mutiara, Kania Pradiva M, Eka Hakyanto, Muhammad Fitrullah

Abstract


Abstrak

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) pangan memainkan peran penting dalam perekonomian lokal, namun keberlanjutannya seringkali terancam oleh praktik Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) yang tidak memadai. Data nasional menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar kecelakaan kerja di industri pangan skala mikro berasal dari standar operasional yang tidak memadai. Pekerja rumahan di perkotaan umumnya melaporkan keluhan muskuloskeletal, sementara paparan asap masakan yang berkepanjangan meningkatkan risiko infeksi pernapasan akut. Kapasitas teknis yang terbatas, kurangnya fasilitas, dan tidak adanya prosedur operasi standar meningkatkan bahaya kerja di kalangan pekerja informal. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bahaya di tempat kerja, menilai risiko kesehatan, dan mengembangkan rekomendasi peningkatan K3 untuk UKM Sate Bandeng dalam binaan Puskesmas Singandaru di Serang, Banten. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada November 2024, dengan menerapkan metode campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif, termasuk observasi partisipatif kegiatan produksi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis risiko menggunakan matriks frekuensi-keparahan. Temuan mengungkapkan berbagai bahaya di berbagai aspek fisik, kimia, biologis, ergonomis, psikososial, dan keselamatan. Para pekerja mengalami gejala pernapasan akibat paparan asap, ketegangan muskuloskeletal akibat tugas berulang dan berdiri terlalu lama, adanya risiko infeksi dari penanganan ikan mentah, dan stres terkait pekerjaan. Bahaya berisiko tinggi diidentifikasi berupa potensi sengatan listrik yang disebabkan oleh stopkontak yang tidak tertutup. Meskipun tindakan pencegahan seperti penggunaan masker dan alat pemadam kebakaran tersedia, penerapannya masih belum konsisten. Penguatan kepatuhan penggunaan APD, peningkatan ventilasi, dan pengamanan instalasi listrik merupakan strategi praktis dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan perlindungan kesehatan kerja di tempat kerja sektor informal.

 

Kata kunci: UKM; keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja; risiko bahaya.

 

Abstract

Food Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in local economies, yet their sustainability is frequently challenged by inadequate Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) practices. National reports indicate that most workplace accidents in micro-scale food industries stem from insufficient operational standards. Urban home-industry workers commonly report musculoskeletal complaints, while prolonged exposure to cooking smoke elevates the risk of acute respiratory infections. Limited technical capacity, lack of facilities, and absence of standard operating procedures increase occupational hazards among informal workers. This community service project aimed to identify workplace hazards, assess health risks, and develop OHS improvement recommendations for a Milkfish Satay SME supervised by the Singandaru Community Health Center in Serang, Banten. Conducted in November 2024, the study applied mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, including participatory observation of production activities, in-depth interviews, and risk analysis using a frequency and severity matrix. Findings revealed multiple hazards across physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, psychosocial, and safety domains. Workers experienced respiratory symptoms from smoke exposure, musculoskeletal strain from repetitive tasks and prolonged standing, infection risks from handling raw fish, and work-related stress. A high-risk hazard was identified in the form of potential electric shock caused by uncovered electrical outlets. Although preventive measures such as mask use and fire extinguishers were available, their implementation remained inconsistent. Strengthening PPE compliance, improving ventilation, and securing electrical installations are practical and sustainable strategies to enhance occupational health protection in informal sector workplaces.

 

Keywords: SME; occupational safety and health; hazard risk.


Keywords


SME; occupational safety and health; hazard risk.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v10i2.38479

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