Optimalisasi kesehatan gerak dan fungsi tubuh melalui skrining dan intervensi fisioterapi komunitas

Abstract

Abstrak

Aktivitas berkebun bermanfaat untuk menjaga kebugaran, tetapi postur membungkuk atau jongkok yang dipertahankan, gerakan berulang, serta mengangkat dan membawa beban dapat meningkatkan beban mekanis pada bahu, pinggang, dan lutut. Informasi awal dari mitra menunjukkan adanya warga dengan keluhan gerak dan fungsi tubuh, sementara kegiatan skrining, edukasi, dan intervensi fisioterapi belum tersedia secara rutin di desa. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi masalah gerak dan fungsi tubuh, meningkatkan pengetahuan kesehatan gerak dan ergonomi berkebun, memberikan intervensi fisioterapi sesuai indikasi, serta menyusun pemetaan awal kebutuhan pelayanan lanjutan. Program dilaksanakan pada 16–30 April 2026 melalui tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi, dan dokumentasi. Sekitar 100 warga mengikuti kegiatan umum. Sebanyak 30 orang menjalani skrining individual lengkap, sedangkan 40 orang mengikuti intervensi; jumlah terakhir mencakup 30 peserta hasil skrining dan 10 peserta tambahan yang mengikuti edukasi serta latihan kelompok setelah asesmen singkat. Dari 30 peserta skrining, keluhan utama terdiri atas nyeri bahu pada 14 orang (46,7%), nyeri saat mengangkat lengan pada 5 orang (16,7%), nyeri lutut pada 4 orang (13,3%), nyeri pinggang bawah pada 4 orang (13,3%), dan gangguan fungsi gerak pascastroke pada 3 orang (10,0%). Intervensi dipilih menurut keluhan dan temuan pemeriksaan. Respons segera dicatat secara kualitatif melalui laporan kenyamanan bergerak; besaran penurunan nyeri tidak dapat dihitung karena skala nyeri sebelum–sesudah belum digunakan. Kegiatan menghasilkan pemetaan awal masalah gerak, penyampaian edukasi, pelaksanaan intervensi sesuai indikasi, dan rekomendasi tindak lanjut, tetapi belum dapat menyimpulkan efektivitas klinis.

Kata kunci: fisioterapi komunitas; kesehatan gerak; lansia; muskuloskeletal; skrining

Abstract

Farming helps maintain physical fitness; however, sustained bending or squatting, repetitive movements, and lifting or carrying loads can increase mechanical stress on the shoulders, lower back, and knees. Initial information from the community partner indicated that some residents had movement and functional complaints, while routine physiotherapy screening, education, and intervention were not yet available in the village. This community service program aimed to identify movement and functional problems, improve knowledge of movement health and farming ergonomics, provide indication-based physiotherapy interventions, and develop an initial map of follow-up service needs. The program was conducted from 16 to 30 April 2026 through preparation, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Approximately 100 residents joined the general activities. Thirty participants underwent comprehensive individual screening, whereas 40 joined the interventions; the latter included the 30 screened participants and 10 additional residents who joined education and group exercise after a brief assessment. Among the 30 screened participants, the main complaints were shoulder pain in 14 participants (46.7%), pain during arm elevation in 5 (16.7%), knee pain in 4 (13.3%), low back pain in 4 (13.3%), and post-stroke movement limitations in 3 (10.0%). Interventions were selected according to complaints and examination findings. Immediate responses were recorded qualitatively as self-reported movement comfort; the magnitude of pain reduction could not be calculated because a pre–post pain scale was not used. The program produced an initial problem map, delivered education, implemented indication-based interventions, and generated follow-up recommendations, but it did not establish clinical effectiveness.

Keywords: community physiotherapy; movement health; musculoskeletal disorders; older adults; screening