Non-pharmacological Pain Management: Backmassage and Deep Breathing Techniques During Labor – A Case Study Continuity of care (CoC) for Mrs. U in the Sungai Tabuk 3 Community Health Center (Puskesmas) Area

Abstract

Childbirth is a physiological process that often causes pain due to uterine contractions, cervical dilation, and the descent of the fetal head. Anxiety, stress, and various physical and psychological factors can exacerbate pain and hinder the progress of labor. Back massage and deep breathing techniques are non-pharmacological methods that can help alleviate labor pain. To determine the effectiveness of applying back massage and deep breathing techniques in reducing pain intensity and enhancing comfort for the laboring mother. This final project report employs a case study design using a qualitative observational approach within a Continuity of care framework. The subject was Mrs. U (26 years old, G2P1A0), observed from 27 weeks of gestation through her fourth postpartum visit between September and December 2025. Data were collected via interviews, observation, physical examinations, and documentation. During the active phase of the first stage of labor, Mrs. U experienced pain accompanied by anxiety and tension. Following the administration of back massage and deep breathing techniques, she appeared more relaxed, was able to control her breathing, remained more cooperative during contractions, and experienced reduced pain intensity, resulting in a more comfortable labor experience. Back massage and deep breathing techniques are effective in reducing labor pain and increasing maternal comfort. Providing education during pregnancy is expected to improve the mother's readiness for childbirth. These methods offer a practical, non-pharmacological pain management alternative that midwives can easily implement to enhance the quality of maternal care through a Continuity of care approach.