Tipologi Morfologi Perkotaan dan Potensi Pengembangan Low Impact Development (LID) sebagai Strategi Infrastruktur Hijau Adaptif di Kota Mataram

Abstract

Abstract: Rapid urbanization in Mataram City has triggered an urban morphological transformation characterized by increased building density, the conversion of agricultural land, and the expansion of impervious surfaces. These changes have increased surface runoff and placed greater strain on conventional drainage systems, resulting in recurring flooding in several urban areas. This study aims to identify urban morphological typologies and analyze the potential for implementing Low Impact Development (LID) as an adaptive green infrastructure strategy in Mataram City. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach using GIS-based spatial analysis, field observations, satellite image interpretation, and a review of Mataram City’s 2011–2031 Spatial Master Plan (RTRW) documents. The analysis was conducted in three stages: morphological classification based on building density and land cover characteristics; a simple hydrological estimation of runoff; and the development of a suitability matrix for LID instruments. The results of the study identified three main typologies. First, the densely populated core area of Ampenan–Cakranegara, with a floor area ratio (FAR) of approximately 80–90% and limited open space, which is suitable for permeable pavement and green roofs. Second, the Mataram City government center area, with relatively wide road corridors and pedestrian paths, which is suitable for bioswales and rain gardens. Third, the Selagalas–Pagesangan and Lingkar Selatan peripheral areas, which are undergoing a transition from agricultural land to residential areas, requiring neighborhood-scale retention ponds and infiltration wells. The differentiated LID strategies outlined in the research draft are projected to reduce surface runoff by up to 45%. The novelty of this study lies in its integration of morphological typologies, drainage issues, and the selection of LID instruments through a spatially differentiated approach within the context of a medium-sized tropical city in Indonesia. The study concludes that the integration of LID into the RDTR, zoning regulations, and building permit requirements is a critical prerequisite for strengthening Mataram City’s resilience against hydrometeorological risks.

Abstrak: Pesatnya urbanisasi di Kota Mataram memicu transformasi morfologi perkotaan yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kepadatan bangunan, konversi lahan pertanian, dan meluasnya permukaan kedap air. Perubahan tersebut meningkatkan limpasan permukaan dan memperbesar tekanan terhadap sistem drainase konvensional, sehingga banjir genangan berulang muncul pada sejumlah kawasan kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tipologi morfologi perkotaan dan menganalisis potensi penerapan Low Impact Development (LID) sebagai strategi infrastruktur hijau adaptif di Kota Mataram. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan analisis spasial berbasis GIS, observasi lapangan, interpretasi citra satelit, dan telaah dokumen RTRW Kota Mataram 2011–2031. Analisis dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, yaitu klasifikasi morfologi berdasarkan kepadatan bangunan dan karakteristik tutupan lahan, estimasi hidrologi sederhana terhadap limpasan, serta penyusunan matriks kesesuaian instrumen LID. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga tipologi utama. Pertama, kawasan inti padat Ampenan–Cakranegara dengan KDB sekitar 80–90% dan keterbatasan ruang terbuka, yang sesuai untuk permeable pavement dan green roofs. Kedua, kawasan pusat pemerintahan Mataram Kota dengan koridor jalan dan jalur pedestrian yang relatif luas, yang sesuai untuk bioswales dan rain gardens. Ketiga, kawasan periferal Selagalas–Pagesangan dan Lingkar Selatan yang mengalami transisi lahan agraris menuju permukiman, yang memerlukan kolam retensi dan sumur resapan skala lingkungan. Strategi LID terdiferensiasi dalam draf penelitian diproyeksikan mampu mereduksi limpasan permukaan hingga 45%. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada penghubungan tipologi morfologi, persoalan drainase, dan pemilihan instrumen LID secara spasial-terdiferensiasi dalam konteks kota menengah tropis Indonesia. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi LID ke dalam RDTR, peraturan zonasi, dan persyaratan PBG merupakan prasyarat penting bagi penguatan resiliensi Kota Mataram terhadap risiko hidrometeorologi.