Edukasi Interpersonal sebagai Strategi Komunikasi Risiko Mikroplastik pada Masyarakat Pesisir Kabupaten Pandeglang
Abstract
Abstrak
Kegiatan penelitian di masyarakat tidak hanya menghasilkan data ilmiah, tetapi juga dapat menjadi momentum untuk menyampaikan edukasi kesehatan yang kontekstual kepada masyarakat. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memanfaatkan proses interaksi selama wawancara penelitian sebagai titik awal komunikasi risiko mengenai mikroplastik pada masyarakat pesisir. Kegiatan bertujuan memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat mengenai hubungan antara pengelolaan sampah plastik, pembentukan mikroplastik, kontaminasi ikan konsumsi, dan potensi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia melalui pendekatan komunikasi interpersonal berbantuan media poster. Pengabdian dilaksanakan di tiga wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Pandeglang, Provinsi Banten, yaitu Kecamatan Teluk, Kecamatan Labuan, dan Kecamatan Panimbang, dengan melibatkan 150 masyarakat pesisir. Edukasi dilakukan secara individual melalui pendekatan interpersonal health education menggunakan media poster setelah proses wawancara penelitian selesai dilaksanakan. Penyampaian materi disesuaikan dengan konteks dan pengalaman masing-masing responden sehingga tercipta komunikasi dua arah yang lebih interaktif. Selama pelaksanaan kegiatan, diskusi berkembang pada isu pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga yang masih dibuang ke laut akibat keterbatasan sistem persampahan di wilayah pesisir. Kondisi tersebut menjadi titik awal komunikasi risiko untuk menjelaskan proses terbentuknya mikroplastik, jalur paparannya melalui ikan konsumsi, serta potensi dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia. Pendekatan komunikasi interpersonal yang didukung media poster mampu memfasilitasi penyampaian informasi secara lebih kontekstual dan mendorong keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam proses diskusi. Kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa edukasi kesehatan lingkungan akan lebih bermakna apabila materi disampaikan berdasarkan kondisi nyata yang dihadapi masyarakat sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif strategi komunikasi risiko pada masyarakat pesisir.
Kata kunci: mikroplastik; komunikasi risiko; edukasi kesehatan interpersonal; masyarakat pesisir; pengelolaan sampah.
Abstract
Research activities within a community not only yield scientific data but also serve as an opportunity to provide contextually relevant health education. Guided by this premise, this community service initiative utilized the interaction occurring during research interviews as a starting point for risk communication regarding microplastics among coastal communities. The project aimed to educate the community on the links between plastic waste management, microplastic formation, the contamination of fish consumed by locals, and potential human health impacts, employing an interpersonal communication approach supported by posters. The initiative was conducted across three coastal areas in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province Teluk, Labuan, and Panimbang Districts involving 150 coastal residents. Education was delivered individually through an interpersonal health education approach using posters, immediately following the research interviews. The delivery of information was tailored to the specific contexts and experiences of each respondent, fostering more interactive, two-way communication. During the activity, discussions naturally shifted to the issue of household waste being discarded into the sea due to inadequate waste management systems in the coastal region. This situation served as a springboard for risk communication, allowing for explanations regarding microplastic formation, exposure pathways via consumed fish, and potential human health implications. The interpersonal communication approach, bolstered by visual aids (posters), facilitated the delivery of information in a context-specific manner and encouraged active community participation in the discussion. This initiative demonstrates that environmental health education is more meaningful when the material addresses the real-world conditions faced by the community, thereby offering a viable alternative strategy for risk communication in coastal areas.
Keywords: microplastics; risk communication; interpersonal health education; coastal communities; waste management
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v10i5.41326
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