The Influence of Principal Transformational Leadership on Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction

Ratna Siti Maulida; Anis Zohriah; Fitri Hilmiyati; Itang Itang; Yahdinil Firda Nadhirah

doi:10.31764/paedagoria.v17i2.38360

The Influence of Principal Transformational Leadership on Teacher Performance through Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction

Ratna Siti Maulida, Anis Zohriah, Fitri Hilmiyati, Itang Itang, Yahdinil Firda Nadhirah

Abstract

Basic education confronts globalization and Industry 4.0 challenges demanding enhanced teacher professionalism, yet public elementary schools in Tunjung Teja District exhibit low teacher motivation, commitment, and satisfaction—evidenced by 30% tardiness, 87.5% lacking extra teaching initiative, and facility/benefit complaints. This study investigates transformational leadership (Bass & Avolio) effects on teacher performance (Permendiknas No. 16/2007) mediated by organizational commitment (Meyer & Allen) and job satisfaction (Herzberg). Employing a causal explanatory quantitative design via cross-sectional survey of 40 teachers (simple random sampling), self-reported Likert-scale questionnaires assessed all variables, showing strong validity (r=0.73-0.78) and reliability (α=0.83-0.86). Results revealed very high leadership (4.38), high commitment/satisfaction (4.07 each), and very high performance (4.12); significant regression (R²=0.68, F=18.45, p<0.001), strong leadership prediction (β=0.52, p<0.001), and mediation (Sobel p<0.05) supported all hypotheses. Transformational leadership effectively boosts performance via commitment and satisfaction; recommendations urge principal training and intrinsic satisfaction enhancements for education quality.

Keywords

Transformational Leadership; Teacher Performance; Organizational Commitment; JobSatisfaction; State Elementary School.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Atika, O., Junaedi, A. T., Purwati, A. A., & Mustafa, Z. (2022). Work discipline, leadership, and job satisfaction on organizational commitment and teacher performance of state junior high school in Bangko District, Rokan Hilir Regency. Journal of Applied Business and Technology, 3(3), 251–262.

Efendi, F., Sunaryo, H., & Harijanto, D. (2023). Ef The effectiveness of principals' transformational leadership through work commitment towards independent learning teacher performance. Journal of Educational Management Accountability, 11(2), 19–32.

Elviliza, R., Yulita, P., Gistituati, N., Rusdinal, R., & Nellitawati, N. (2025). The Influence of Principals' Transformational Leadership on Teacher Performance in Elementary Schools. Journal of Leadership and School Management,10(4), 1973–1982.

Faizin, A. K., & Susanto, B. A. (2024). The Impact of Principal Leadership Style on Teacher Motivation in Elementary Schools. Jurnal Primary Edu, 2(1), 29–43.

Guci, A. A., & Kirana, C. (2025). The Role of Teachers as Motivators in Increasing Students' Interest in Learning at State Elementary School 012 Minas Barat. Journal of Sustainable Education, 2(2), 60–75.

Imron, M. (2023). Principal Leadership as a Motivator in Improving Teacher Performance Motivation. Journal Creativity, 1(1), 41–62.

Jaini, H. (2024). Transformational Leadership and Work Motivation in Improving Elementary School Teacher Performance: An Empirical Study in Elementary Schools in South Arut District. Sultan Agung Islamic University (Indonesia).

Lusiana, D., Ramadhan, N. I., Muawanah, R., & Soraya, S. Z. (2025). The Impact of Teacher Performance in Increasing Student Motivation. Journal in Teaching and Education Area, 2(2), 272–284.

Maolana, I., Darmiyanti, A., & Abidin, J. (2023). Effective principal leadership strategies in improving teacher quality in Islamic educational institutions. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(4), 83–94.

Maryati, I. (2024). The Influence of Job Satisfaction, Conflict Management and Teacher Empowerment on the Loyalty of Muhammadiyah Elementary School Teachers in Ponorogo Regency in 2023/2024. IAIN Ponorogo.

Maulida, R. S., Muiz, R. N., & others. (2025). Analysis of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Models in Educational Environments. Pendas: Scientific Journal of Elementary Education, 10(04), 470–484.

Mukaddamah, I. (2024). The Role of Principals' Transformational Leadership in Improving Teacher Performance: A Case Study in Elementary Schools. Al-Mikraj Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities (E-Issn 2745-4584), 5(01), 438–448.

Musfah, J. (2021). Education policy analysis: Education in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0.Prenada Media.

Novita, N., & Radiana, U. (2024). The relationship between learning communities and teacher learning motivation on teacher performance. Scientific Journal of Educational Professions, 9(4), 2588–2596.

Palembangan, C. N., & Sihotang, H. (2023). Transformational Leadership of School Principals in Improving Teacher Performance. Tambusai Journal of Education, 7(3), 26725–26736.

Permatasari, F., Lestari, N. A., Christie, C. D. Y., & Suhaimi, I. (2023). Transformational leadership of school principals in improving the quality of teacher performance: a meta-analysis study. Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(3), 923–944.

Ridani, A., & Sudadi, S. (2025). The Role of Principals' Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management: A Literature Review of Its Impact on Teacher Performance. BISMA: Business and Management Journal, 3(2), 26–33.

Rifki, A., & Sesmiarni, Z. (2025). The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance. Student Research Scientific Journal, 3(2), 283–294.

Riski, D., Idris, J., & Marwan, M. (2024). The influence of the principal's transformational leadership style, work discipline and work motivation on teacher performance. Hijri, 13(1), 71–83.

Saifullah, A. M. M., Karnati, N., & Arbah, F. (2024). What is the Role of Transformational Leadership, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Self-Efficacy in Improving Teacher Performance? Adab Publisher.

Sari, M., Rachman, H., Astuti, N. J., Afgani, M. W., & Abdullah, R. (2022). Explanatory survey in quantitative descriptive research methods. Methode, 1.

Sari, R., Fauzan, A., & Bedi, F. (2024). Factors Influencing Teacher Job Satisfaction. Wahana Pendidikan Scientific Journal, 10(18), 866–876.

Shields, C. M. (2023). Transactional, transformational, transformative leadership: A journey towards equity and emancipation. In Handbook on Leadership in Education (pp. 171–185). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Sulaiman, T. S., & Barat, S. (2025). The Principal's Transformational Leadership Style in Creating a School Based on Islamic Values. Jurnal Al-Hasib: Islamic Education Management Vol, 1(4).

Wijayanto, S., Abdullah, G., & Wuryandini, E. (2021). The influence of transformational leadership style, work motivation, and job satisfaction on the performance of elementary school teachers. Journal of Educational Management Accountability, 9(1), 54–63.

Yulianto, T., Siswanto, N. D., Indra, H., & Al-Kattani, A. H. (2024). Analysis of principal management in improving teacher competence in educational institutions. RESLAJ: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 6(3), 1349–1358.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/paedagoria.v17i2.38360