Confirmatory Factor Analysis to Reduce the Knowledge and Economic Dimensions of the Behavior of Cerebral  Palsy Parents

Al Um Aniswatun Khasanah; Sri Yuliana; Dhofirul Fadhil Dzil Ikrom; Sangidatus sholiha; Wardhani Utami Dewi

doi:10.31764/jtam.v8i3.22952

Confirmatory Factor Analysis to Reduce the Knowledge and Economic Dimensions of the Behavior of Cerebral Palsy Parents

Al Um Aniswatun Khasanah, Sri Yuliana, Dhofirul Fadhil Dzil Ikrom, Sangidatus sholiha, Wardhani Utami Dewi

Abstract

This research is important to understand the behavior of parents of Cerebral Palsy (CP) children by reducing the complexity in understanding knowledge and economic dimensions, thus providing a structured approach to identifying factors that influence the psychology of children with CP. This study aimed to identify and reduce the dimensions that influence the behavior of parents of children with CFA.This study aimed to reduce the socio-economic dimensions and knowledge of the behavior of parents of Cerebral Palsy (CP) children using CFA. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was used in this study to comprehensively examine the behavior of parents of children with CP. Purposive sampling was used to select 200 participants from various backgrounds. The instrument used was a 28-item questionnaire which was distributed online to collect data. The questionnaire has gone through rigorous testing, including CFA, determinant KMO test, Bartlett test PCA, and grouping of variables based on identified factors.Research methods , a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design, and purposive sampling were used to select 200 parents of children with CP from various backgrounds. The instrument in the form of a questionnaire with 28 statement items was distributed online. Data analysis was carried out using CFA, including the determinant test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, Bartlett test, Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and grouping variables based on factors. Research in Lampung shows that the number of boys with CP is slightly higher, with the majority aged 1-5 years. Factor analysis identified three main dimensions: parental knowledge about CP, family economic situation, and parental behavior. Better knowledge and a stable economic situation are positively correlated with better parental behavior in caring for children with CP. Many parents experience high levels of stress due to the physical, emotional, and financial burden of caring for a child with CP. The research conclusion shows that the 28 statement items were successfully reduced to three main dimensions (knowledge, economics, and behavior) which have a significant relationship in the care of children with CP. These findings suggest the need for interventions to increase parental knowledge about CP and family economic stability to increase parental participation in child care.Findings the sex distribution of children with cerebral palsy in Lampung showed a slight excess in the number of boys, with the majority of children being in the age range of 1-5 years. Factor analysis identified three main dimensions: parental knowledge of CP, family economic situation, and parental behavior, where better knowledge and stable economic situation positively correlated with better parental behavior in caring for children with CP. Many parents experience high levels of stress in caring for a child with CP because of the physical, emotional, and financial burden that the condition brings. In conclusion, the 28 items of the statement are reduced to 3 dimensions or factors, including knowledge, economics, and behavior. Each dimension has a relationship with each other significantly to the behavior of parents of CP children.

Keywords

Children Cerebral Palsy; Confirmatory Factor Analysis; Dimension Reduction,; Parental Behavior.

Full Text:

DOWNLOAD [PDF]

References

Aghimien, L. M., Aigbavboa, C. O., Anumba, C. J., & Thwala, W. D. (2023). A confirmatory factor analysis of the challenges of effective management of construction workforce in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 21(4), 1134–1152. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-05-2021-0264

Al-Dababneh, K. A., & Al-Zboon, E. K. (2018). Parents’ attitudes towards their children with cerebral palsy. Early Child Development and Care, 188(6), 731–747. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2016.1230737

Andromeda, A., Hartini, N., & Suryanto, S. (2023). The Journey Full of Emotions: Parents’ Experiences in Raising Children with Cerebral Palsy. Journal of ICSAR, 7(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i22023p330

Baharum, H., Ismail, A., Awang, Z., McKenna, L., Ibrahim, R., Mohamed, Z., & Hassan, N. H. (2023). The Study Adapted Instruments Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to Validate Measurement Models of Latent Constructs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042860

D'Iorio, S., Forzani, L., García Arancibia, R., & Girela, I. (2023). Predictive power of composite socio-economic indices for targeted programs: principal components and partial least squares. Quality & Quantity, 1–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-023-01811-8

De Clercq, L. E., Soenens, B., Dieleman, L. M., Prinzie, P., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Beyers, W., & De Pauw, S. S. W. (2022). Parenting and Child Personality as Modifiers of the Psychosocial Development of Youth with Cerebral Palsy. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 53(1), 137–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01106-1

Dieleman, L. M., Soenens, B., Prinzie, P., De Clercq, L., Ortibus, E., & De Pauw, S. S. W. (2021). Daily parenting of children with cerebral palsy: The role of daily child behavior, parents’ daily psychological needs, and mindful parenting. Development and Psychopathology, 33(1), 184–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001688

Duma, N. E., Hlongwa, M., Benjamin-Damons, N., & Hlongwana, K. W. (2023). Physiotherapy management of children with cerebral palsy in low-and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02280-8

Eze, N. M., Asogwa, O. C., & Eze, C. M. (2021). Principal component factor analysis of some development factors in Southern Nigeria and its extension to regression analysis. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, 36(3), 132–160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9734/jamcs/2021/v36i330351

Fong, C. Y., & Ali, M. M. (2023). Parental Stress in Caring for Children with Disability. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(5), 1033–1046. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v13-i5/16822

Ghazy, R. M., Sallam, M., Fadl, N., Bouraad, E., Youssef, N., & Ghoneim, O. S. A. (2023). Attitude of parents of children with cerebral palsy towards COVID-19 vaccination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1909. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031909

Guimarães, A., Pereira, A., Oliveira, A., Lopes, S., Nunes, A. R., Zanatta, C., & Rosário, P. (2023). Parenting in Cerebral Palsy: Understanding the Perceived Challenges and Needs Faced by Parents of Elementary School Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053811

Jiang, G., Tan, X., Wang, H., Xu, M., & Wu, X. (2023). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identify three structural dimensions for measuring physical function in community-dwelling older adults. PeerJ, 11, e15182. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15182

Kalleson, R., Jahnsen, R., & Østensjø, S. (2022). Exploring participation in family and recreational activities among children with cerebral palsy during early childhood: How does it relate to motor function and parental empowerment? Disability and Rehabilitation, 44(9), 1560–1570. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00876.x

Ketelaar, M., Volman, M. J. M., Gorter, J. W., & Vermeer, A. (2008). Stress in parents of children with cerebral palsy: What sources of stress are we talking about? Child: Care, Health and Development, 34(6), 825–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00876.x

Liu, D., Chen, D., & Brown, B. B. (2020). Do parenting practices and child disclosure predict parental knowledge? A meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, pp. 49, 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01154-4

Luby, J. L., Rogers, C., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2022). Environmental conditions to promote healthy childhood brain/behavioral development: Informing early preventive interventions for delivery in routine care. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 2(3), 233–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.003

Maier, C., Thatcher, J. B., Grover, V., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Cross-sectional research: A critical perspective, use cases, and recommendations for IS research. In International Journal of Information Management (Vol. 70, p. 102625). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102625

McCleery, J., & Burton, M. S. (2023). How Parents and Coaches Can Support Positive Development. In Psychological Considerations in the Young Athlete: A Multidisciplinary Approach (pp. 193–213). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25126-9_10

Mohammed, S. S., Abdelwahab, M. S., Zaky, N. A., & Abdelazeim, F. H. (2024). Impact of mother's care burden, fatigue and child's functional level on quality of life in spastic cerebral palsy. Physiotherapy Research International, 29(1), e2067. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.2067

Oti-Boadi, M., Osei-Tutu, A., & Mate-Kole, C. C. (2022). Challenges and support needs of parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) in Accra, Ghana. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 128, 104274. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104274

Patel, D. R. Neelakantan, M., Pandher, K., & Merrick, J. (2020). Cerebral palsy in children: A clinical overview. Translational Pediatrics, 9(1), S125–S135. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.01.01

Romeo, D. M., Venezia, I., Pede, E., & Brogna, C. (2023). Cerebral palsy and sex differences in children: A narrative review of the literature. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 101(5), 783–795. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.25020

Salih, E. M., Alghamdi, S. A., Alghamdi, R. A., Alghamdi, M. S., Alzahrani, T. A., Salih, E., Alghamdi, R., Alghamdi, M., & Alzahrani, T. (2022). Level of awareness and attitude toward cerebral palsy among parents in Al-Baha City, Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 14(11). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.31791

Şeyma, K. O. É., & YAVUZ, E. (2022). Factor analysis for construct validity: An applied study. Scientific Educational Studies, 6(2), 239–258. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31798/ses.1177211

Seroke, S., & Mkhize, S. W. (2023). Psychosocial experiences of mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy in the eThekwini district. Health SA Gesondheid, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2072

Shevchuk, V., Vlasova, O., Zaika, V., Morgun, V., & Kaliuzhna, Y. (2022). Psychological and pedagogical support for the quality of life of persons with disabilities. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(2), 1108–1122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n2.11330

Shrestha, N. (2021). Factor Analysis as a Tool for Survey Analysis. American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 9(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajams-9-1-2

Spector, P. E. (2019). Do not cross me: Optimizing the use of cross-sectional designs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-09613-8

Vitrikas, K., Dalton, H., & Breish, D. (2020). Cerebral palsy: an overview. American Family Physician, 101(4), 213–220. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32053326/

Von Graffenried, T. Gay, G., Bianchi, N., Nydegger, A., & Petit, L.- M. (2022). Digestive and nutritional problems of children with cerebral palsy. Revue Medicale Suisse, 18(770), 324–327. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53738/REVMED.2022.18.770.324

Yayla, A., Ilgin, V. E., & Özlü, Z. K. (2022). Development of the perioperative privacy scale: a validity and reliability study. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 37(2), 227–233. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.272

Zhao, N., Xu, Q., Tang, M., Jiang, B., Chen, Z., & Wang, H. (2020). High‐dimensional variable screening under multicollinearity. Stat, 9(1), e272. https://doi.org/10.1002/sta4.272

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v8i3.22952