Identification of Conversation-based Audio Recordings Between Co-Car Drivers and Passengers

Abstract


INTRODUCTION
Language is essential for human. It is almost impossible for human to live without language. As a social creature, human uses language as both interactional and transactional tools. Language is also a strong representation of human culture. In some ways, culture shapes the language use. Sometimes, certain use of language carries certain meaning and represent a certain culture. As humans are created differently, they are gifted with different features, personalities, and languages. That makes every human has their own identity. There are many ways that are used to show and differentiate their identity. One way that is commonly done is by using language. To reveal their identity or to construct the identity that they desired to others, human is using language.
Identity has been studied for a long time ago. It is considered as an interesting subject to be examined since raising of different belief about identity appears, that is; identity is reflected naturally in the language that people use or the people constructed their identity by the language they used. Nowadays, many types of research about identity have been conducted. There are some types of identities that can appear includes individual identity, or group identity, and even ethnic identity.
In everyday talk, people bring with them the identity that they believe they have. Sometimes, they also construct the identity based on the situation and audience that is involved in the interaction. The analysis of discourse enables the researcher to dig and evaluated the type of identity that people bring in their interaction with others.
This paper examined the identity of the Go-Car driver that exists during a short conversation between a Go-Car driver and the passengers. Go-Car is part of Go-Jek service. It is an online service provider. The service that is available in Go-Jek is varied. In this paper, the driver is the part of its online taxi service. The aim of this paper is to find out the types of identity that appear during that conversation.

METHOD
This paper used the descriptive qualitative method. By using this method, the data is being analyzed and presented based on its quality. In collecting the data, 12 minutes of audio recording is made during a conversation between Go-Car driver and the passengers in the Mataram city.
Go-Car is a part of Go-Jek service which offers online taxi with a fixed price provided for every destination. People who want to use the Go-Car service can order online via the Go-Jek application provided on the app-store on every Smartphone. The id of the passenger and the driver is listed in the application though it is not always correct. In analyzing the data, the audio recording is first transcribed into transcript then the text is analyzed to find the way in which the driver introduces his identity to the passenger.

RESULT
In the previous section, some relevant of literature is reviewed. Two types of identity found in human interaction are personal and collective identity. In this section, there are five extracts from a conversation between a Go-Car driver and his passengers that are analyzed based on that framework.

Personal Identity
As mention in the before, Personal identity is. In the below extract the Go-Car driver is negotiating his professional identity. In the conversation, the Go-Car driver emphasizes that he is not taking the job as a driver for seriously. He just does it leisurely. It is widely known that in Indonesia, NTB especially, the job as a paid driver often seen as a lower middle social class of job. Therefore he is negotiating this identity and stating that he is actually worked in the bank. Perhaps, he believes that the society sees the bank staff as a prestigious job that earns a lot of many. The driver might do this (stating that he is actually worked in the bank) to make the passenger admire him as he assumes that the passenger also shares the same perspective with the society. The underlined statements or sentence chunks on the extract two above shows that the driver is explaining to the passenger that driver is not a trivial money producer. Rather, it can produce a lot of money too. In this case, the driver is trying to construct his identity as a driver that earns a lot of money. This construction also can be seen in the following extract In line two and three of the extract 3, the driver stated that he go two million in four days. if it is true, it is a fantastic amount of money that a driver could earn in NTB since the minimum average salary in this province is only about 1,8 million rupiah per month. By giving this sort of explanation the Go-Car driver now is constructing the new identity of a highly paid driver. It has become a common thing in a city that someone with a highly paid job is more respected by others than the one who doesn't. In line 5 and 6 of the extract 3, he is also once again restating that this an easy but worth it job.
Therefore, from the analysis of the three extracts above, it can be seen that the Go-Car Driver is constructing and negotiating some personal identity, namely, his identity as a bank staff, and a highly paid Go-Car driver.

Collective identity
In the previous analysis, it has been shown that the Go-Car driver is negotiating his personal identity. However, in the next extract, it seems that he is also negotiating other identities that are collective identity. In the following extract, this collective identity is reflected.

Extract 4 FP : Kalo dulu saya pernah nemu ada supir driver itu dia nginstall tiga app yang beda
In the past, I met a driver who installed three different apps. In line 6 and 7 of the extract 4, the driver addresses himself as "us" and "we". This shift from the use of addressee 'I' to 'us' and 'we' shows that he is constructing a collective identity as part of the Go-Car driver, and not another online brand of a taxi. He is placing himself as having the same feeling of sadness as the other Go-Car Drivers if the taken orders are canceled. This clearly reflects his sense of belonging to the certain group of community, namely, Driver of Go-Car.
Another collective identity is also found in his conversation with the passenger. The following extract is provided to explain what type of collective identity that he has. The underlined words in line two and five of the extract five mention the notion of a female. The driver states that besides male there is also a female driver. He constructs the identity of this female driver as a driver that focus on the target and therefore the reach the target faster. He tries to differentiate himself from the female driver group in which he mentions that inline six of the extract 5. He emphasizes that "I just came out earlier, only look for 7 (points)". This is the way he negotiates his identity as being a part of the male driver because he is not focused. He brings out the common belief about the nature of female in Lombok, that female is more focus that man.
Therefore, because he just being a driver leisurely and just worked for a few hours before the conversation, he is showing that he does not have that female driver nature. He probably classifies himself as a male driver category and making this a collective gender identity of masculine.
The result of the analysis of the collective identity in the conversation shows that there are two types of collective identity found in the driver's talk. These collective identities are Go-Car drivers' identity and masculine identity.

CONCLUTION
After analyzing the conversation, it is found that there are two types of identities that is appears in Go-Car Driver's talk, namely, personal identity and collective identity. The personal identity, from the analysis of the three extracts above, it can be seen that the Go-Car Driver is constructing and negotiating some personal identity, namely, his identity as a bank staff, and a highly paid Go-Car driver. The result of the analysis of the collective identity in the conversation shows that there are two types of collective identity found in the driver's talk. These collective identities are Go-Car drivers' identity and masculine identity.