GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: A SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE
Abstract
Abstrak: Studi mengenai Generative AI di pendidikan tinggi lebih banyak mengkaji aspek teknologi, pedagogi, dan etika, sementara implikasinya terhadap fungsi-fungsi sosial pendidikan belum banyak menjadi fokus penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesiskan peran Generative AI dalam pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi sosial pendidikan di perguruan tinggi berdasarkan perspektif Talcott Parsons. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Integrative Literature Review dengan menganalisis artikel peer-reviewed yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2023–2026. Teknik analisis menggunakan thematic synthesis melalui tahapan data extraction, coding, categorization, comparison, dan theme development untuk mengidentifikasi pola, persamaan, perbedaan, dan kesenjangan temuan antarstudi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa Generative AI berperan dalam dua fungsi utama pendidikan, yaitu fungsi sosialisasi dan fungsi alokasi peran. Pada fungsi sosialisasi, Generative AI berkontribusi dalam memperluas akses terhadap pengetahuan, mendukung pembelajaran yang dipersonalisasi, memperkuat literasi AI dan literasi digital, serta mentransformasikan praktik akademik dan proses internalisasi nilai-nilai akademik. Sementara itu, pada fungsi alokasi peran, Generative AI berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan kompetensi digital, penguatan kemampuan berpikir kritis, pengembangan literasi AI sebagai kompetensi profesional, serta peningkatan kesiapan mahasiswa menghadapi pasar kerja yang semakin terdigitalisasi.
Abstract: Studies on Generative AI in higher education primarily examine aspects of technology, pedagogy, and ethics, while its implications for the social functions of education have not yet been a major focus of research. This study aims to synthesize the role of Generative AI in the implementation of social functions of education in higher education based on the perspective of Talcott Parsons. The research uses an Integrative Literature Review approach by analyzing peer-reviewed articles published in the period 2023–2026. The analysis technique uses thematic synthesis through the stages of data extraction, coding, categorization, comparison, and theme development to identify patterns, similarities, differences, and gaps in findings across studies. The synthesis results show that Generative AI plays a role in two main educational functions, namely the socialization function and the role allocation function. In the socialization function, Generative AI contributes to expanding access to knowledge, supporting personalized learning, strengthening AI and digital literacy, and transforming academic practices and the internalization of academic values. Meanwhile, in the role allocation function, Generative AI contributes to the development of digital competencies, strengthening critical thinking skills, developing AI literacy as a professional competency, and enhancing students' readiness to face an increasingly digitalized job market.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v10i5.41681
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